Notable : Famous : Founder/ originator

Georges Henri Roger (4 June 1860 – 19 April 1946) was a French physiologist born in Paris. He studied medicine in Paris, where he later became a professor of experimental pathology and physiology. In 1930 he was appointed dean of the medical faculty.
In the field of experimental pathology, he performed research of cholelithiasis and hepatic disease. Among his written works were articles on diseases of the liver, gastro-intestinal tract and spinal cord. In addition his 1897-98 lectures at the University of Paris were translated into English, and published as "Introduction to the Study of Medicine" (1901)
With Georges-Fernand Widal (1862-1929) and Pierre Teissier (1864-1932), he was co-author of the 22-volume Nouveau traité de médecine (New Treatise of Medicine), which was a comprehensive French masterpiece of anatomy and pathology. His name is lent to the eponymous "Roger's reflex"; a term that is sometimes used to describe excessive salivation due to irritation of the lower part of the esophagus.

André Rochon-Duvigneaud (7 April 1863 – 24 November 1952) was a French ophthalmologist born in Dordogne.
He studied medicine in Bordeaux, and in 1889 became an intern at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris. In 1892 he earned his doctorate with a thesis on the anatomical angle of the eye's anterior chamber and Schlemm's canal. In 1895 he was appointed chef de clinique. In 1926 he retired from clinical medicine, dedicating himself to comparative studies on the eyes of various animal species. In 1940 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
In 1896 he described a neurological disorder characterized by exophthalmos, diplopia, and anaesthesia in regions innervated by the trigeminal nerve, occurring with a traumatic collapse of the superior orbital fissure. At the time he referred to the condition as "sphenoidal fissure syndrome", later to be known as "Rochon-Duvigneaud's syndrome". Also, he is credited with identifying recessive-inherited glaucoma with buphthalmos in New Zealand white rabbits.

Max Robitzsch (2 February 1887 – 10 June 1952) was a German meteorological scientist and university professor. He invented the "Robitzsch Actinograph", a type of pyranometer and wrote numerous scientific books and articles.
He was born in Höxter, Province of Westphalia. He also undertook an expedition into the Scandinavian arctic to research atmospheric phenomena, spending the 1912/1913 winter in Spitsbergen, Norway. His mission, together with Kurt Wegener, brother of Alfred Wegener, was to set up a meteorological observatory for the German Geophysical Observatory, which they did at the Crossbai, Ebeltofthafen (Ebeltofthamna in Norwegian). During the long winter stay, they and two helpers performed 275 pilot balloon soundings, 98 tethered balloon soundings and 19 probe launches with the help of a hang glider. As of 2000, only some archeological remains of the obersvatory could be found.For much of his life (since at least 1917), he worked as a professor at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (German Wikipedia) in Lindenberg, Brandenburg. During the Cold War, he there undertook numerous extensive radio sounding studies of the atmosphere with weather balloons, reputedly at the behalf of the Soviet occupation forces in East Germany.During January to May 1950, he was director of the Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, before later on becoming professor at (and possibly the director of) the Geophysical Institute of Leipzig, later subsumed in the University of Leipzig.

Henri Jules Louis Marie Rendu (24 July 1844 – 16 April 1902) was a French physician born in Paris. He was related to glaciologist Louis Rendu (1789–1859).
He initially received an education in sciences at the school of agronomy in Rennes, and from 1865 studied medicine in Paris, becoming an interne in 1868 at the Hôpital Saint-Antoine. He served as a military surgeon during the Franco-Prussian War, and a few years later worked in the department of Pierre Potain (1825–1901) at the Hôpital Necker in Paris.
In 1877 he became médecin des hôpitaux, earning his agrégation the following year with a dissertation on chronic nephritis called Etude comparative des néphrites chroniques. In 1885 he was appointed head of the department of medicine at Hôpital Necker, a position he maintained for the rest of his career.
In 1897 Rendu was elected to the Académie Nationale de Médecine. He was a prolific writer, with many of his medical articles being published in the Bulletin de la Société anatomique de Paris, of which he was its editor in 1873–74. Throughout his career he held an avid interest in natural sciences, and spent considerable time as a botanical collector.

August Rauber (March 9, 1841 – February 16, 1917) was a German anatomist and embryologist born in Obermoschel in the Rhineland-Palatinate.
Rauber was born the fourth of five children to Stephan Rauber and Rosalie née Oberlé. He studied medicine in Munich, obtaining his doctorate in 1865. At Munich his instructors included Theodor Bischoff (1807–1882), Nicolaus Rüdinger (1832–1896) and Julius Kollmann (1834–1918).

Franco Dino Rasetti (August 10, 1901 – December 5, 2001) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist, paleontologist and botanist. Together with Enrico Fermi, he discovered key processes leading to nuclear fission. Rasetti refused to work on the Manhattan Project on moral grounds.

Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet (also known as Alcide Railliet, born 11 March 1852 at La Neuville-lès-Wasigny in the Ardennes – died 25 December 1930) was a French veterinarian and helminthologist.
Professor at the Veterinary School of Alfort, he is considered one of the founders of modern parasitology and wrote several books of veterinary parasitology. He chaired the Société zoologique de France in 1891. He was a member of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine, from 29 December 1896 to his death. He received the Legion of Honor.