Notable : Famous : Founder/ originator

Jacques Rose Ferdinand Émile Sarrau (Perpignan 24 June 1837 – Saint-Yrieix 10 May 1904) was a French chemist. He worked most of his career at the laboratory in the Dépôt Central des Poudres et Salpêtres (Central Depot for Powder and Saltpetre). He did research on explosive shock waves, the effects of explosives and he developed new explosives. The Mach number was sometimes called in French the Nombre de Sarrau (Sarrau number).

Armand Sabatier (UK: , US: , French: [aʁmɑ̃ sabatje]; 13 January 1834 – 22 December 1910) was a French zoologist known for his studies of comparative anatomy of animals, and for his work in photography, discovering and publishing in 1860 the Sabattier effect, also known as pseudo-solarisation.He studied in Montpellier, where he took special mathematics courses in high school, then enrolled in medicine. He then did three years of internship in Lyon, then returned to Montpellier, where he defended in 1863 his doctoral thesis of medicine, entitled "Anatomical, physiological and clinical study on pulmonary auscultation in children".
He married Laure Gervais de Rouville and they had a daughter, Jeanne. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 he was surgeon in charge of the ambulances of the South.
After the war, he prepared his doctorate of sciences, which he obtained in 1873, after defending his thesis entitled "The heart and the central circulation of the vertebrates". He was appointed professor and chair of zoology of the faculty of sciences of Montpellier in 1876. He was Dean of the Faculty of Science from 1891 till 1904. In 1905 he founded and managed the maritime zoology station of Sète.
The sculptor Auguste Baussan made a bust of him which is situated at the University of Montpellier. The painter Edouard Marsal painted his portrait, situated at the Faculty of Sciences of Montpellier.
He was the founder of the independent Reformed Church of Montpellier. Sabatier supported the theory of evolutisme and gave a series of courses to the Protestant theology faculty of Montauban in 1884–1885.He was a member of the French Academy of Science from 1835 till his death in 1910 in the departments of zoology and anatomy, and a member of the Academy of Sciences and Letters of Montpellier (1871–1886). He was buried at the Protestant cemetery of Montpellier .

Theodor Rumpel (25 March 1862, Gütersloh – 11 August 1923, Hamburg) was a German surgeon remembered for describing the Rumpel-Leede sign.
He received his doctorate in 1887 in Marburg and worked at the Hamburg-Eppendorf Hospital. He oversaw the building of the Barmbecker Krankenhaus in Hamburg, of which he became director in 1913. Among his better known assistants at Hamburg was bacteriologist Georg Jochmann.With internist Alfred Kast, he was co-author of a patho-anatomical atlas titled: Pathologisch-anatomische Tafeln nach frischen Präparaten mit erläuterndem anatomisch-klinischem Text.

Otto Ruff (12 December 1871 – 17 September 1939) was a German chemist.

Jules Germain Francois Maisonneuve (10 December 1809 – 9 April 1897) was a French surgeon and student of Guillaume Dupuytren. Maisonneuve is notable as the first surgeon to explain the role of external rotation in the production of ankle fractures. The eponymously named Maisonneuve fracture describes a specific fibular fracture.

Henri Rouvière (23 December 1876 – 26 October 1952) was a professor of anatomy born in Le Bleymard, France.
He studied in Montpellier, receiving his medical doctorate in 1903. He later became a professor of anatomy and embryology at the University of Paris. Collège Henri Rouvière in his hometown of Le Bleymard is named in his honour. Many of Rouvière's anatomical works are preserved in the Musée d'Anatomie Delmas-Orfila-Rouvière in Paris.
Rouvière is remembered for his 1932 publication of "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" (translated into English in 1938 as "Anatomy of the Human Lymphatic System"), an exhaustive study involving the delineation and classification of human lymph nodes and their associated drainage regions. Rouvière's work was a continuation of the seminal research of the lymphatic system done by anatomist Marie Sappey (1810-1896).Other significant writings by Rouvière are "Anatomie humaine descriptive, topographique et fonctionnelle", "Atlas aide-mémoire d'anatomie" and "L'anatomie humaine". "Anatomie humaine descriptive, topographique et fonctionnelle" is the adopted textbook in several well known medical schools, such as Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, in Lisbon, Portugal.
The eponymous "node of Rouvière" (sometimes called "Rouvière node") features his name; this node is the most superior of the lateral group of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and is found at the base of the skull.

Vasco Ronchi (Italian: [ˈvasko ˈroŋki]; December 19, 1897 – October 31, 1988) was an Italian physicist known for his work in optics. He was born on 19 December 1897 in Florence, Italy. Along with Enrico Fermi, he was a student of Luigi Puccianti. He studied at the Faculty of Physics of the University of Pisa from 1915 to 1919.
In 1922 Ronchi published work describing testing methods for optics using simple equipment. The Ronchi test is widely used in amateur telescope making. The Ronchi ruling also bears his name.
He served numerous terms as the President of the 'Union Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences' within the UNESCO.
Ronchi authored 900 papers and 30 books.