Vocation : Medical : Physician

Jules Bernard Luys (17 August 1828 – 21 August 1897) was a French neurologist who made important contributions to the fields of neuroanatomy and neuropsychiatry.
Born in Paris on 17 August 1828 he became a doctor of medicine in 1857 and conducted extensive research on the anatomy, pathology and functions of the central nervous system. In 1865 he published a treatise entitled Studies on the Structure, Functions and Diseases of the Cerebro-spinal System, this book was accompanied by a hand-drawn three-dimensional atlas of the brain. It was within this book that Luys provided the first description of the structure that is today called the subthalamic nucleus. Luys termed this nucleus the bandelette accessoire des olives supérieures (accessory band of the superior olives) and concluded that it was a centre for the dispersion of cerebellar influence upon the striatum. Luys also traced the projection from the subthalamic nucleus to the globus pallidus and the projection to the subthalamic nucleus from the cerebral cortex. Today these pathways and structures are thought to be central to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, the subthalamic nucleus being one of the major targets for deep brain stimulation.
In recognition of Luys discovery Auguste Forel (1848–1931) gave the subthalamic nucleus the name corpus Luysii (Luys' body), a name still sometimes used today.
In 1873, Luys published the first photographic atlas on the brain and nervous system: Iconographie Photographique des Centres Nerveux. The atlas contained seventy albumen prints of frontal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the brain. Some of them were enlarged with a microscope, but the majority represented gross neuroanatomy. Despite the popularity of photography as a new visualization tool, the publication of the Iconographie did not lead to a proliferation of neuroanatomical photographic atlases in the subsequent decades. However, Edward Flatau published such an atlas in 1894.
In collaboration with his friend Benjamin Ball, he founded in 1881 the journal L'Encéphale.

Friedrich Wilhelm Erich Leschke (23 October 1887, in Bergneustadt – 10 June 1933, in Berlin) was a German internist.
He studied medicine at the University of Bonn, receiving his doctorate in 1911 with the thesis Über die Wirkung des Pankreasextraktes auf pankreasdiabetische und auf normale Tiere ("On the effect of pancreatic extract on pancreatic-diabetic and normal animals"). He later worked at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stift in Bonn, at the Eppendorf Hospital in Hamburg and in the 2nd medical clinic at the Berlin Charité. In 1918 he obtained his habilitation at Berlin, where soon afterwards he became an associate professor.His name is associated with Leschke's syndrome, a condition characterized by a combination of asthenia, multiple brown pigment spots on the skin and hyperglycemia. He described the syndrome in a 1922 paper titled Über Pigmentierung bei Funktionsstörungen der Nebenniere und des sympathischen Nervensystems bei der Recklinghausenschen Krankheit.He was the author of numerous papers regarding cardiac, pulmonary and metabolic diseases. His book Die wichtigsten vergiftungen, Fortschritte in deren Erkennung und Behandlung was translated into English and published as Clinical toxicology; modern methods in the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning (1934).

Félix Legueu (12 August 1863 – 2 October 1939) was a French urologist and gynecologist born in Angers.

André Latarjet (1877–1947) was a French physician. In 1933, at the 2nd International AIMS (FIMS) Congress, he was elected President of the organization which would become the International Federation of Sports Medicine, the World agency for sports medicine.

Félix de Lapersonne (29 September 1853, Toulouse – 4 July 1937) was a French ophthalmologist.
Born in Toulouse, he served as interne and chef de clinique (i.e. residency) under Photinos Panas (1832–1903) in the ophthalmology clinic at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In 1890 he was appointed professor of ophthalmology to the faculty at Lille, serving as dean until 1901. Afterwards, he returned to Paris, where he worked as professor of clinical ophthalmology. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine, and a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.As an ophthalmologist, Lapersonne made contributions in his investigations of syphilitic optic neuritis, and ophthalmoneuromyelitis (Devic's disease). "De Lapersonne's capsulo-iridotome", a punch forceps used in eye surgery, is named after him.

Louis Théophile Joseph Landouzy (27 March 1845 – 10 May 1917) was a French neurologist from Reims, and whose father and grandfather were also physicians.
He studied medicine in Reims and Paris, earning his doctorate in 1876. He spent much his career at the University of Paris, becoming a professor of therapy in 1893 and a dean of medicine in 1901.
His name is associated with the "Landouzy-Dejerine syndrome", a type of muscular dystrophy with atrophic changes to the facial muscles and scapulo-humeral region. It is named along with neurologist Joseph Jules Dejerine, who was a colleague and close friend. Landouzy was a witness at the wedding of Dejerine to Augusta Marie Klumpke (1859–1927) in 1888.
Landouzy's primary area of interest dealt with tuberculosis, and he was a major figure involving education of the public for its eradication. He was a member of several international committees in regards to tuberculosis.
He is credited with coining the word "camptodactyly" to describe a flexion deformity of the finger(s) at the proximal interphalangeal joint (1906). With neurologist Joseph Grasset (1849–1918), his name is associated with the "Landouzy-Grasset Law". This law states that in lesions concerning one hemisphere of the brain, a patient will turn his head to the side of affected muscles if there is spasticity, and to the side of the cerebral lesion if there is paralysis.

August Knoblauch (8 January 1863 in Frankfurt am Main – 24 August 1919 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German neurologist. He was a nephew of chemist August Kekulé.
He studied medicine and sciences at the universities of Berlin, Bonn, Strasbourg and Heidelberg. In 1888 he received his doctorate at the University of Heidelberg, where he studied under neurologist Wilhelm Heinrich Erb. In 1898 he was named head of the city infirmary in Frankfurt, then in 1914 was named director of the neurological clinic at the University of Frankfurt am Main.In 1893 he was named first secretary at the Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt, where he later served as second director (from 1896) and first director (from 1899).He is best remembered for his research on the cognitive function regarding music; in 1888/90 he put forth a detailed diagrammatic model of music processing, and postulated the existence of nine disorders of music production and perception. He is credited with coining the term "amusia" — being defined as the inability to recognize musical tones or being unable to reproduce them.

Eduard Kaufmann (24 March 1860, Bonn – 15 December 1931, Göttingen) was a German physician.
The disease Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome is named for him.

Lorenzo Campins y Ballester (1726 in Palma de Mallorca – February 20, 1785 in Caracas) was a Spanish born physician considered to be the founder of the formal studies of modern medicine in Venezuela. He studied medicine at the Real y Pontificia Universidad de Gandía (1755). He served as a physician until 1761 when he travelled to Caracas to serve as a faculty member in the Real y Pontificia Universidad de Caracas.

Abraham Albert Hijmans van den Bergh (1 December 1869, in Rotterdam – 28 September 1943, in Utrecht) was a Dutch physician specializing in internal medicine. Hijmans van den Bergh is best known for his Van den Bergh reaction.
In 1919 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.Hijmans van den Bergh was of Jewish descent, but neither he or his parents were religiously observant, nor members of a Jewish worship community. Later in life he joined the Remonstrant Church. His final years were spent under the German occupation of the Netherlands; he was spared persecution due to being in a "mixed marriage".