1978 deaths

Carl Vincent Krogmann (3 March 1889, in Hamburg – 14 March 1978, in Hamburg) was a German banker, industrialist and Nazi Party politician. He served as Mayor of Hamburg for the majority of the Nazi period of government.

Karl Holtz (14 January 1899, Berlin – 18 April 1978 Rehbrücke) was a German artist and cartoonist.During the November Revolution his caricatures were published in the newspaper The Red Flag and the journal Die Aktion. Holtz took part in 1919 in the fighting in Berlin. From 1920 to 1923 he traveled through Germany, Italy, France and Tunisia.
After the Second World War Holtz lived in East Germany where he participated in the Ulenspiegel magazine.
When the Swiss satirical magazine Nebelspalter published a caricature of Stalin by him, Holtz was arrested. A Soviet military court sentenced him in 1949 to a prison sentence of 25 years, which was enforced in Bautzen prison. On July 25, 1956, he was released by way of a pardon, but was not in rehabilitation at that time.

Lina Carstens (6 December 1892 in Wiesbaden – 22 September 1978 in Munich) was a German film and theater actress. On stage she appeared in plays by Gerhart Hauptmann, Arthur Schnitzler, and August Strindberg, and in her old age she starred in the film Lina Braake directed by Bernhard Sinkel.

Herbert Kiper (1897–1978) was a German stage and film actor.

Pinchas Rosen (Hebrew: פנחס רוזן, 1 May 1887 – 3 May 1978) was an Israeli statesman, and the country's first Minister of Justice, serving three times during 1948–51, 1952–56, and 1956–61. He was also leader of the Independent Liberals and three times turned down invitations to be Israel's president.

Robert Gilbert (born Robert David Winterfeld) (29 September 1899 – 20 March 1978) was a German composer of light music, lyricist, singer, and actor. His father was Max Winterfeld, a composer and conductor who went by the pen name of Jean Gilbert. His brother was Henry Winterfeld, an author of children's books. Sometimes described as a "divided author", his early depression-era poem "Stempellied" about living on the dole was set to music by Hanns Eisler. But "Am Sonntag will mein Süsser mit mir segeln gehen" ("On Sunday I'll go sailing with my Sweetheart") and "Das gibt's nur einmal" ("It Happens Only Once"), became his better known work.

Alfred Braun (13 May 1888 – 3 January 1978) was a German screenwriter, actor and film director.

Valeska Gert (11 January 1892 – c. 16 March 1978) was a German dancer, pantomime, cabaret artist, actress and pioneering performance artist.

Harmut Kallmann (5 February 1896 – 11 June 1978) was a German physicist. He is known for his work on the scintillation counter for the detection of gamma rays.

Tjeerd (Tsjeard) Bottema (6 February 1884 in Langezwaag – 8 March 1978 in Katwijk) was a Dutch painter, illustrator and book cover designer.