20th-century surgeons

Samuel Rodman "Rod" Irvine (5 December 1906, Salt Lake City, Utah – 27 February 1999, Laguna Beach, California) was an American ophthalmologist and ophthalmic surgeon, known for the Irvine-Gass syndrome.Irvine received his bachelor's degree in 1928 from Stanford University and his M.D. in 1932 from Harvard Medical School. In 1936 he completed his ophthalmology residency at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.
After residency, he joined his father's practice in Los Angeles, Calif, but soon went to India, where he gained a great deal of practical experience working with Colonel Wright at the British Government Hospital in Madras from 1936 to 1937. He visited the major eye clinics in Europe on his way home and then settled back into practice in Los Angeles. He and his father (and later his brother, Sandy) joined the faculty at the University of Southern California. Through the beneficence of one of his patients, Estelle Doheny, they established the Doheny Eye Foundation at University of Southern California. As the University of California, Los Angeles, developed, he focused his attention there to build the eye service as its clinical chair. When the ophthalmology department developed to the point of a full-time teaching institution, he decided to remain in private practice, but did continue to serve as a clinical professor while handing over the reins of the department to Bradley Straatsma.From 1942 to 1946 Irvine was a major in the United States Army Air Forces. For the academic year 1950–1951 he was a visiting professor at the Wilmer Eye Institute, where he performed experiments on rabbits to study the effects of steroids on corneal scarring and also taught optics and refraction to the residents. In September 1952 he reported on a newly defined syndrome (cystoid macular edema aka Irvine-Gass syndrome) following cataract surgery, based upon a clinical study of 2000 patients. In the late 1950s he studied surgical diathermy for retinal detachments and its effects on the vitreous and other ocular tissues.At age 63 he retired from surgical practice and moved to Laguna Beach, where he became a consulting ophthalmologist and a member of U.C. Irvine's clinical faculty.
Upon his death he was survived by three sons. S. Rodman Irvine's younger brother Alexander "Sandy" Ray Irvine Jr. died in 1996.

Lyall Stuart Scott FRCSED, FRCSGLAS (22 September 1920 – 8 October 1977) was a Scottish consultant surgeon who specialised in urology.

Stanley H. Biber (May 4, 1923 – January 16, 2006) was an American physician who was a pioneer in sex reassignment surgery, performing thousands of procedures during his long career.

Jonathan Evans Rhoads (May 9, 1907 – January 2, 2002) was an American surgeon, responsible for the development of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Terry J. Dubrow (born September 14, 1958) is an American plastic surgeon and television personality. He is known for his work on The Swan and for co-hosting Botched and its spin-off series Botched by Nature with Paul Nassif. He also appears on The Real Housewives of Orange County with his wife, Heather. In 2015, Dubrow appeared on Good Work, a plastic surgery-themed talk show, together with co-hosts RuPaul and Sandra Vergara. Dubrow also performed the plastic surgery procedures on Bridalplasty, a reality series which premiered in 2011 and featured a group of women who competed in order to win a wedding and transformative plastic surgery procedure.

William Beecher Scoville (January 13, 1906 – February 25, 1984) was an American neurosurgeon at Hartford Hospital in Hartford, Connecticut. Scoville established the Department of Neurosurgery at Connecticut's Hartford Hospital in 1939. He performed surgery on Henry Gustav Molaison in 1953 to relieve epilepsy that damaged the hippocampus of both the right and left temporal lobes of Molaison's brain and left him with a memory disorder.

Sir David Percival Dalbreck Wilkie, (5 November 1882 – 28 August 1938), known to friends and colleagues as DPD, was among the first of the new breed of professors of surgery appointed at a relatively young age to develop surgical research and undergraduate teaching. At the University of Edinburgh, he established a surgical research laboratory from which was to emerge a cohort of young surgical researchers destined to become the largest dynasty of surgical professors yet seen in the British Isles. He is widely regarded as the father of British academic surgery.

Howard Payne House, M.D. (1908 – August 1, 2003) was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. House founded the House Ear Institute in 1946 in Los Angeles, CA, and is often considered to be the father of modern otology. The House Ear Institute developed the cochlear implant and the auditory brain stem implant.
House perfected many critical otologic surgical procedures, such as the fenestration operation in the 1940s and the stapedectomy surgery in the subsequent three decades. He performed more than 30,000 of these procedures restoring hearing to those affected by otosclerosis.
House treated Ronald Reagan, James Stewart, Bob Hope, and many other notable figures. His wife's name is Helen and they have three children: Kenneth House, who is a noted psychoanalyst; Caroline House, who is an Olympic swimmer; and John House, who is the current president of the House Ear Institute.
In 1972, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.In 1975, House was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree from Whittier College.

Wolfgang Rosenthal (8 September 1882 – 10 June 1971) was a German oral surgeon. Until the mid-1930s, he also pursued a parallel career as a bass-baritone singer.
After the destructive bombing of the Johanniskirche in Leipzig it became necessary to identify the physical remains of Johann Sebastian Bach before they could be reburied at the Thomaskirche nearby: Rosenthal was able to combine his knowledge of anatomy with his insights (confirmed by further anatomical investigations) into the physical effect of a lifetime of organ playing on a musician's legs to provide the necessary identification.

Paul Rostock (18 January 1892 – 17 June 1956) was a Nazi physician, official, and university professor. He was chief of the Office for Medical Science and Research (Amtschef der Dienststelle Medizinische Wissenschaft und Forschung) under Third Reich Commissioner and Nazi war criminal Karl Brandt and a full professor, medical doctorate, medical superintendent of the University of Berlin Surgical Clinic.
After the end of World War II, he was tried as a war criminal in the Doctors' Trial for his complicity in medical atrocities performed on concentration camp prisoners.