Notable : Famous : Founder/ originator

Gaspard Goyrand (3 February 1803 – 23 June 1866) was a French general practitioner, surgeon and politician from Aix-en-Provence. He helped treat cholera from 1835 to 1854, while serving as Deputy Mayor of Aix from 1838 to 1848.

Louis Georges Gouy (February 19, 1854 – January 27, 1926) was a French physicist. He is the namesake of the Gouy balance, the Gouy–Chapman electric double layer model (which is a relatively successful albeit limited model that describes the electrical double-layer which finds applications in vast areas of studies from physical chemistry to biophysics) and the Gouy phase.
Gouy was born at Vals-les-Bains, Ardèche in 1854. He became a correspondent of the Académie des sciences in 1901, and a member in 1913.

Marcel Eugène Émile Gley (French: [glɛ]; 18 January 1857 – 24 October 1930) was a French physiologist and endocrinologist born in Épinal, Vosges.
He studied physiology with Henri-Étienne Beaunis at the medical school in Nancy, and afterwards worked as an assistant to Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904) in Paris. Later on, he received the title of professeur agrégé, and in 1908 became a professor at the Collège de France. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine and secretary general of the Société de Biologie. He was a colleague to Charles Richet (1850–1935), and with Richet, published the Journal de physiologie et de pathologie générale. With Belgian pharmacologist Jean-François Heymans, he founded the journal Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie (1895).In 1891 Gley was the first to discover the importance of the parathyroid glands, which are four (or more) small endocrine glands lying close or embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. These glands had been recently discovered as an anatomical entity in 1880, however their importance was not understood at the time. Gley realized that the cause of tetany after thyroid operations was the inadvertent destruction of the parathyroid glands. He demonstrated this by removing the parathyroid glands from laboratory animals and witnessing their deaths from tetany. Because of his discovery, parathyroid glands have sometimes been referred to as "Gley's glands".
In his studies of the thyroid, he discovered that there was much more iodine in thyroid tissue than in the parathyroid, and noticed that when the thyroid is removed, a disturbance of iodine metabolism occurs.

Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (15 February 1858 – 4 March 1927) was a French physician. He was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes, and died in Paris.

He received his doctorate from the University of Paris and became an interne at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Later he was a professor of therapeutics (1902) and clinical medicine (1905) at Hôtel-Dieu. In 1907 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
He published many articles and books on a wide array of medical subjects. With Jean Alfred Fournier (1832-1914) he published Bibliothèque rouge de l'étudiant en médecine, and with Paul Brouardel (1837-1906) and others, he published the multi-volume Traité de médecine et de Thérapeutique. With neurologist Maurice Villaret (1877–1946), he conducted extensive research of portal hypertension.Gilbert described a hereditary cause of increased bilirubin; today this disorder is known as Gilbert's syndrome and is believed to be caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucuronosyltransferase.

Philippe Charles Ernest Gaucher () (July 26, 1854 – January 25, 1918) was a French dermatologist born in the department of Nièvre.
He received his medical doctorate in 1882, and soon after headed a medical clinic at Necker Hospital. During the subsequent years he was an instructor at several hospital clinics in Paris. He taught classes on pathological anatomy, bacteriology and histology, as well as dermatology.
In 1902 he succeeded Jean Alfred Fournier (1832–1914) as the university chair of dermatology and syphilography. Gaucher was also founder of a journal on venereal disease called Annales des Maladies Vénériennes.He is remembered for providing a description of a disorder that was to become known as Gaucher's disease. In 1882 while still a student, he discovered the disease in a 32-year-old woman who had an enlarged spleen. At the time, Gaucher thought it to be a form of splenetic cancer, and published his findings in his doctorate thesis, titled De l'epithelioma primitif de la rate, hypertrophie idiopathique de la rate sans leucemie. However, it was not until 1965 that the true biochemical nature of Gaucher's disease was understood.

Professor Ricardo Galeazzi (1866 – 1952) was an Italian orthopaedic surgeon born in Turin, remembered for describing the Galeazzi fracture.In 1886, he commenced his studies at Turin Medical School, graduating with honours in 1890.
In 1899, he became a qualified lecturer in Clinical Medicine and Surgical Operations and, in 1903, was appointed as the Director of the Pius Institute for Crippled Children (Instituto dei Rachitici).
He was the director of the orthopaedic clinic at the University of Milan for thirty-five years. He was known for his work on congenital hip dislocation, scoliosis, skeletal tuberculosis and juvenile osteochondritis, and contributed to the pathological understanding of osteitis fibrosa cystica and achondroplasia.
He described the fracture that bears his name in 1934, publishing his experience of 18 cases, although the injury pattern had been described previously by Sir Astley Cooper in 1842.He also directed the Archivio di Ortopedia, the oldest journal devoted to orthopaedic surgery, for thirty five years.The Galeazzi test is also named after him, which he developed following a review of more than 12,000 congenital hip dislocations.

Guido Fubini (19 January 1879 – 6 June 1943) was an Italian mathematician, known for Fubini's theorem and the Fubini–Study metric.

Jacques Forestier (27 July 1890, Aix-les-Bains – 17 March 1978) was a French internist who was a pioneer in the field of rheumatology.
Forestier studied medicine in Paris, later working at Hôpital Cochin, where he became interested in rheumatology and its treatment. In 1928 he took part in the founding of the French society of rheumatology. His father, Henri Forestier, was a director at the therapeutic spas in Aix-les-Bains.
Forestier is remembered for his introduction of gold salts as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis. Historically, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose were considered by many to be the most effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis prior to the advent of targeted therapeutics. Forestier is also known for his work with polymyalgia rheumatica and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
With his instructor, Jean-Athanase Sicard (1872–1929), he demonstrated the use of Lipiodol for spinal X-ray examinations.

Adolfo Ferrata (26 April 1880 in Brescia – 9 March 1946) was an Italian pathologist and hematologist.
In 1904 he earned his medical degree from the University of Parma, spending the following years performing scientific research in clinics at Parma, Berlin and Naples. From 1921 to 1924 he was a professor of special medical pathology at the Universities of Messina and Siena, afterwards serving as a professor of clinical medicine at the University of Pavia, a position he kept for the remainder of his career.Among his contributions to medical science are investigations on the structure and embryology of the kidney, research on the morphology of intestinal villi and haematopoietic studies in normal and pathological conditions. In his research of haematopoiesis, Ferrata helped demonstrate the systemic nature of leukemia, leading him to support an hypothesis that elements of the blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and blood platelets) all originate from the hemocytoblast, a direct descendant of a mesenchymal cell, which he referred to as an emoistioblasto (hemohistioblast).In 1907 he was the first scientist to show that the complement could be split into two components that were singularly inactive, only regaining their activity when reunited.In 1920 Ferrata founded the journal "Haematologica".