Théodore (Nicolas) Gobley (French: [ɡɔblɛ]; 11 May 1811, in Paris – 1 September 1876, in Bagnères-de-Luchon, was the first to isolate and ultimately determine the chemical structure of lecithin, the first identified and characterized member of the phospholipids class. He was also a pioneer researcher in the study and analysis of the chemical components of brain tissues.
Emile Justin Armand Gautier (23 September 1837, in Narbonne – 27 July 1920, in Cannes) was a French biochemist and dietitian.
Karl Johann Freudenberg (29 January 1886 Weinheim, Baden – 3 April 1983 Weinheim) was a German chemist who did early seminal work on the absolute configurations to carbohydrates, terpenes, and steroids, and on the structure of cellulose (first correct formula published, 1928) and other polysaccharides, and on the nature, structure, and biosynthesis of lignin. The Research Institute for the Chemistry of Wood and Polysaccharides at the University of Heidelberg was created for him in the mid to late 1930s, and he led this until 1969.
Jean Pierre Bernard Édouard Filhol (7 October 1814 – 25 June 1883) was a French scientist.
In 1854 Édouard Filhol was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Toulouse, a position he held until 1882. Later, in 1865, he became director of the Museum de Toulouse. It was the first museum in the world to open a gallery of prehistory thanks to the collaboration of Emile Cartailhac, Jean-Baptiste Noulet and Eugène Trutat. In the same year, he became director of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Toulouse.
Jean-Baptiste Senderens studied under Édouard Filhol, professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences in Toulouse.
After ten years of collaboration with Filhol he began a collaboration of equal length with Paul Sabatier, Filhol's successor.From 1867–1870, Édouard Filhol was Mayor of Toulouse.
He was the father of the naturalist Henri Filhol (1843–1902)
Friedrich Fichter (6 July 1869 – 1952) was a professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Basel. His main field of interest was electrochemistry. He initiated the founding of the scientific journal Helvetica Chimica Acta.
Alexander Ellinger (17 April 1870 in Frankfurt am Main – 26 July 1923 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German chemist and pharmacologist.
From 1887 he studied chemistry at the University of Berlin under August Wilhelm von Hofmann and at the University of Bonn as a pupil of August Kekulé. Afterwards, he studied medicine at the University of Munich, followed by work as an assistant in the institute of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg. In 1897 he became an assistant to Max Jaffé in the laboratory of medicinal chemistry and experimental pharmacology at the University of Königsberg. In 1914 he was appointed professor of pharmacology at the newly established University of Frankfurt.He is remembered for his extensive biochemical research of several amino acids, especially tryptophan. In 1904 he isolated kynurenic acid from the urine of dogs that had been fed tryptophan. His other work included studies on the water exchange between body tissues and blood, on the formation on lymph, and with chemist Karl Spiro, he conducted investigations of blood coagulation.
Charles Dufraisse (20 August 1885, in Excideuil – 5 August 1969, in Excideuil) was a French chemist. With Charles Moureu, he conducted pioneer research of autoxidation and antioxidants.
In 1921 he received his doctorate at Paris with the thesis Contribution à l'étude de la stéréoisomérie éthylénique, and served as an associate director in the laboratory of organic chemistry at the Collège de France. In 1927 he was named a professor at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris, and in 1942 became a professor at the Collège de France. He was cofounder of the Institut français du caoutchouc (French Institute of Rubber).
Stéphane Marcel Delépine (19 September 1871, in Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard – 21 September 1965) was a French pharmacist and chemist, whose name is associated with the Delépine reaction for the preparation of primary amines.
He studied at the Sorbonne and at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie in Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1898 with the thesis Amines et amides dérivés des aldéhydes ("The amines and amide derivatives of aldehydes"). From 1895 to 1902 he served as préparateur at the Collège de France, where he worked in the laboratory of Marcellin Berthelot. In 1902 he was named chief pharmacist to the hospitals of Paris, a position he maintained up until 1927.From 1904 he was an agrégé at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie, attaining the chair of hydrology and hygiene in 1913. In 1930 he was appointed a professor of organic chemistry at the Collège de France.In 1927 he became a scientific advisor for Etablissements Poulenc, and subsequently was named director of pharmaceutical research for Rhône-Poulenc. In 1930 he became a member of the Académie des sciences.His work involved research in the fields of organic, inorganic and general chemistry. He made contributions in his investigations of terpenes, platinum group metals (iridium, rhodium), sulfur compounds, et al. In 1935 he described a general method for catalytic hydrogenation with Raney nickel. Also, when experimenting with thiocarbonic esters and related bodies, he discovered the phenomena of "oxyluminescence". In addition, he is credited for introducing a new process for preparation of pure tungsten.
Pierre Paul Dehérain (19 April 1830 in Paris – 7 December 1902) was a French plant physiologist and agricultural chemist. He was notably the doctoral advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Henri Moissan.
He served as an assistant at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers in Paris, then at the age of 26, began work as a professor at the Collège Chaptal. He obtained his LSc degree in 1856 under Edmond Frémy. Later on, he taught classes in agricultural chemistry at the agricultural school in Grignon, and in 1880, became a professor of plant physiology at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. In 1887 he was elected a member of the Académie des sciences.As a plant physiologist, he studied the absorption of carbon dioxide by plants and the effect of artificial light, especially ultraviolet rays, on plants. He showed that plants do not absorb only those minerals that are beneficial, as previously thought, but absorb all of them and then use those that they need – so that consumption regulates absorption. He discovered respiration by plant roots and investigated the effect of different minerals on the growth of fruits. He also studied effect of crop rotation on soil quality.
The plant genus Deherainia from the family Theophrastaceae is named after him.
