1871 births

Édouard Rist (16 March 1871, Strasbourg – 13 April 1956, Paris) was a French physician who specialized in tuberculosis research (phthisiology). He was the brother of economist Charles Rist.
In 1899/90, he served as an inspector of health and quarantine services in Egypt, and after his return to France, was named laboratory chief at the Hôpital Trousseau in Paris. From 1910 to 1937, he was a physician at the Hôpital Laennec, and concurrently served as a physician at the Dispensaire Léon Bourgeois (1912–37).During World War I he was chef de service of typhoid and para-typhoid hospitals. In 1919, he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal of the United States and made a commander of the Legion of Honour. In 1933, he became a member of the Académie de médecine, of which, he later served as its president. The "Clinique médicale et pédagogique Édouard Rist", located in the 16th district of Paris, is named after him.

Louis Ombrédanne (5 March 1871 – 4 November 1956) was a French pediatric and plastic surgeon born in Paris. He was the son of general practitioner Emile Ombrédanne.
In 1902 he became surgeon to Parisian hospitals, becoming a professor of surgery in 1907. From 1921 to 1940 he was head of pediatric surgery at the Hôpital Necker.
Ombrédanne's primary field of research was development of new methods of surgery. In 1906 he was the first to describe the use of the pectoralis minor muscle for breast reconstruction following mastectomy. He also introduced transscrotal orchiopexy for surgical repair of an undescended testis.

In 1907, after two fatal anesthetic accidents, Ombrédanne created a prototype of an inhaler as a safe anesthetic device. It consisted of a tin container as reservoir that was fitted with felt to absorb ether, a graduated air inlet, and a respiratory reserve chamber. This device was tested successfully on over 300 patients, and design modifications were later made.
In 1929 Ombrédanne provided an early description of malignant hyperthermia, a condition he described as pallor with hyperthermia in newborns during anesthesia. The disorder is historically referred to as "Ombrédanne syndrome".

Georg Lockemann (17 October 1871, in Hollenstedt – 4 December 1959, in Hollenstedt) was a German chemist.

Stéphane Marcel Delépine (19 September 1871, in Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard – 21 September 1965) was a French pharmacist and chemist, whose name is associated with the Delépine reaction for the preparation of primary amines.
He studied at the Sorbonne and at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie in Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1898 with the thesis Amines et amides dérivés des aldéhydes ("The amines and amide derivatives of aldehydes"). From 1895 to 1902 he served as préparateur at the Collège de France, where he worked in the laboratory of Marcellin Berthelot. In 1902 he was named chief pharmacist to the hospitals of Paris, a position he maintained up until 1927.From 1904 he was an agrégé at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie, attaining the chair of hydrology and hygiene in 1913. In 1930 he was appointed a professor of organic chemistry at the Collège de France.In 1927 he became a scientific advisor for Etablissements Poulenc, and subsequently was named director of pharmaceutical research for Rhône-Poulenc. In 1930 he became a member of the Académie des sciences.His work involved research in the fields of organic, inorganic and general chemistry. He made contributions in his investigations of terpenes, platinum group metals (iridium, rhodium), sulfur compounds, et al. In 1935 he described a general method for catalytic hydrogenation with Raney nickel. Also, when experimenting with thiocarbonic esters and related bodies, he discovered the phenomena of "oxyluminescence". In addition, he is credited for introducing a new process for preparation of pure tungsten.

Jean-Ovide Decroly (Ronse, 23 July 1871 – Uccle, 10 September 1932) was a Belgian teacher and psychologist.
He studied medicine at the University of Ghent, with half a year at the University of Berlin where he studied the action of toxins and antitoxins on general nutrition in 1898. He later worked with (mentally) handicapped children at the neurological clinic in Brussels.
Decroly founded The Hermitage School in 1907. He was a freemason, and a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels. Nowadays the "Ecole Decroly" (based in Uccle, Brussels, a school reaching from kindergarten to baccalaureate) is following his pedagogical approach.

Hedwig Dransfeld (24 February 1871 – 13 March 1925) was a German Catholic feminist, writer and member of parliament.

Helmar Lerski (18 February 1871, in Strasbourg – 19 September 1956, in Zürich) was a photographer who laid some of the important foundations of modern photography. His works are on display in the USA, Germany, Israel and Switzerland. He focused mainly on portraits and the technique of photography with mirrors.
His real name was Israel Schmuklerski. In 1876, the family moved to Zürich, Switzerland, where the family was naturalized. In 1888, Lerski emigrated to the United States, where he worked as an actor. Around 1910, he began to photograph. In 1915, he returned to Europe and worked as a cameraman and expert for special effects for many films, including Fritz Lang's Metropolis. At the end of the 1920s, he made a name as an avant-garde portrait photographer.
In 1932, he emigrated with his second wife to Mandate Palestine, where he continued to work as a photographer, cameraman, and film director. On 22 March 1948, they left what was by then Israel and settled again in Zürich.

Gustav Waldau (27 February 1871 – 25 May 1958) was a German actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1915 and 1955.

Segundo Víctor Aurelio Chomón y Ruiz (also Chomont or Chaumont French: [ʃomɔ̃]; 17 October 1871 – 2 May 1929) was a pioneering Spanish film director, cinematographer and screenwriter. He produced many short films in France while working for Pathé Frères and has been compared to Georges Méliès, due to his frequent camera tricks and optical illusions. He is regarded as the most significant Spanish silent film director in an international context.

Johannes Josephus Aarts (18 August 1871, in The Hague – 19 October 1934, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, illustrator, lithographer, engraver, etcher, writer, academic teacher and director, lecturer, sculptor and book-cover designer.