1864 births

Walther Kruse (September 8, 1864 – 1943) was a German bacteriologist who was a native of Berlin.
In 1888 he received his doctorate from Berlin, where he was a student of Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902). From 1889 until 1892 he worked as a bacteriologist in Naples, and in 1892 travelled to Egypt to perform research on dysentery. In 1893 he became an assistant to hygienist Carl Flügge (1847–1923) in Breslau, and in 1898 became an associate professor at the University of Bonn. Later he served as a full professor in Königsberg (1900), Bonn (1911) and Leipzig (1913).
Walther Kruse is remembered for his work in parasitology and his research of intestinal bacteria infections. He performed extensive studies of Shigella dysenteriae during an epidemic of dysentery in the Ruhr area of Germany. This organism is sometimes referred to as the "Shiga–Kruse bacillus", and its associated disease as "Shiga–Kruse dysentery". These eponyms are shared with Japanese bacteriologist Kiyoshi Shiga (1871–1957). Kruse documented his findings in a 1900 treatise titled Über die Ruhr als Volkskrankheit und ihren Erreger.
In 1914 he demonstrated that the common cold could be transmitted to healthy individuals via nasal secretions that were free of bacteria. The results of these experiments were published in a treatise called Die Erreger von Husten und Schnupfen (1914). A specialized tool used to spread material over the surface of a culture medium is called "Kruse's brush".

Alexander Tietze (6 February 1864 – 19 March 1927) was a German surgeon born in Liebenau. Tietze syndrome is named after him.
In 1887 he received his doctorate at the University of Breslau, and from 1888 to 1895 was an assistant at the Breslau surgical clinic. During this time period he worked under Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850-1905). In 1894 he gained his habilitation, subsequently becoming a primary physician at the Allerheiligen-Hospital (1896). In 1914-1920 he was a member of the Breslau City Council.

Elisabeth Leisinger (1864-1913) was a German dramatic soprano. Her mother initially opposed her wish for a singing career, but after her father's death she relented. She studied at the Stuttgart Conservatory and later with Pauline Viardot in Paris. She became a member of the Berlin Court Opera in 1884 and until 1894 after performing shows in Stuttgart. Her debut was as Rosina in The Barber of Seville. She unsuccessfully performed at the Paris Opera in 1886, and by performing broke her contract with the Berlin Court Opera. After later marrying Dr. Müllberger in Esslingen, she retired from the stage.

Cäsar Flaischlen (12 May 1864 – 16 October 1920) was a German poet. He is best known as the author of "Hab' Sonne im Herzen" ("Have Sunshine in Your Heart"), which has been translated into various languages. Composers such as Pauline Volkstein have set Flaischlen’s text to music.

Johann Georg Mohr (1864–1943) was a German painter, associated with the Kronberger Malerkolonie.
He was born in the Free City of Frankfurt, where he studied at the Städelschule and at the Academy of Berlin. Among his classmates at the Städel Institute included Fritz Rumpf, Robert Forell, Oscar Goebel, Jacob Happ (1861-1936) and the sculptor Hugo Kauffmann. In the first decade of the 20th century Mohr founded his own art school in Frankfurt. He died at the age of 79 in his hometown.

Karl Diehl (March 27, 1864, Frankfurt – May 12, 1943 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German economist and professor who taught from 1908 until his death in Freiburg. He taught at the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg, known for teaching on the subject of Anarchism.The motivating force behind his scholarship was that academia must counter the idea that "...anarchism represents a criminal sect which lacks any social or political programme..." According to one historian on German reformers, Diehl had acquired a reputation as the "most important authority on socialism, communism, and anarchism," comparable only to Werner Sombart.

Fabiana Sebastiana María Carmen Romero Rubio y Castelló (20 January 1864 – 25 June 1944), was the second wife of Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico.

Robert von Ostertag (March 24, 1864 – October 7, 1940) was a German veterinarian who was a native of Schwäbisch Gmünd.
He studied medicine in Berlin and veterinary medicine in Stuttgart, afterwards becoming a professor of hygiene at Tierärztliche Hochschule Stuttgart (1891–1892) and at the College of Veterinary Medicine in Berlin (1892–1907). In 1907 he became head of the veterinary department in the Reich Health Office in Berlin. In 1910 he traveled to German Southwest Africa in order to study diseases of sheep, and in 1913 he investigated rinderpest in German East Africa. In 1920 he became head of veterinary services in Germany.
In the 1890s, Ostertag started a rigorous program of meat inspection in Berlin, and he was referred to as the "Father of Veterinary Meat Inspection" in Germany. Ostertag's meat inspection act of 1900 greatly reduced incidences of bovine tuberculosis in human beings.
He was the author of numerous publications in veterinary science, and is remembered for his influential Lehrbuch für Fleischbeschauer ("Handbook of Meat Inspection"), a book that was later translated into English.
His name is lent to Ostertagia, a genus of attenuated nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae. These organisms are found in cysts on the wall of the abomasum of cattle and other ruminants. The disease associated with the organism is called "ostertagiosis".

August Müller (1864 – 1949), born in Mönchengladbach, was a medical student at the University of Kiel, Germany, and a pioneer in the manufacture of contact lenses. In 1889, he presented at the university his doctoral thesis titled Eyeglasses and corneal lenses in which he described his efforts to grind scleral lenses from blown glass. Refinements in his process led him to be able to correct his own severe -14 dioptre myopia to within 0.50 D.Müller's compatriot Adolf Fick had published his work on contact lenses earlier in 1887, but his lenses were heavy and could only be worn for short periods. Müller's lenses were lighter and shaped to match the curved contour of the cornea. He suggested that the lens would remain in place on the cornea due to capillary action lubricated by the tear film.
Müller called his development Hornhautlinsen or 'corneal lenses'. His efforts to develop a new corrective lens were ultimately unsuccessful, since a patient could only tolerate the lens bearing down heavily on the sclera for half an hour, less than those of Fick. Moreover, it had to be inserted underwater to prevent trapping air bubbles, and cocaine administered to anaesthetise the eye, but he did however lay the groundwork for later researchers and his ideas and recommendations on fit, tear flow and rounded edges still form the basis for contact lens fitting today.In 1932, Müller donated three lenses to the German Museum in Munich. These were the same lenses that he had discussed in his thesis.

Auguste Alfred Lucien Gaston Lameere (12 June 1864 – 6 May 1942) was a Belgian entomologist. He made several collecting expeditions to the Algerian Sahara region.
He was born in Ixelles. He was a professor and dean (1906–1907) of the faculty of sciences at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. An active member of the Royal Belgian Entomological Society, he was the author of numerous articles, notably on Coleoptera and the famous Manuel de la Faune de Belgique which had a great influence on the entomologists of his country.Frog Arthroleptis lameerei, also known as Lameere's squeaker, is named after him.