Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference

Friedrich Spee (also Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld; February 25, 1591 – August 7, 1635) was a German Jesuit priest, professor, and poet, most well known as a forceful opponent of witch trials and one who was an insider writing from the epicenter of the European witch-phobia. Spee argued strongly against the use of torture, and as an eyewitness he gathered a book full of details regarding its cruelty and unreliability. He wrote, "Torture has the power to create witches where none exist."

Félix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup (3 January 1802 – 11 October 1878) was a French ecclesiastic. He was among the leaders of Liberal Catholicism in France.