1849 births

Felix Christian Klein (German: [klaɪn]; 25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work in group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and the associations between geometry and group theory. His 1872 Erlangen program classified geometries by their basic symmetry groups and was an influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the time.
During his tenure at the University of Göttingen, Klein was able to turn it into a center for mathematical and scientific research through the establishment of new lectures, professorships, and institutes. His seminars covered most areas of mathematics then known as well as their applications. Klein also devoted considerable time to mathematical instruction, and promoted mathematics education reform at all grade levels in Germany and abroad. He became the first president of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction in 1908 at the Fourth International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome.

Louis Edouard Albert Glineur (born 10 December 1849, date of death unknown) was a Belgian competitor in the sport of archery. Glineur competed in one event, taking third place in the Sur la Perche à la Pyramide competition. He is now considered by the International Olympic Committee to have won a bronze medal[1]. No scores are known from that competition.

Louis Welden Hawkins (1849–1910) was a Symbolist painter. He was born of English parents, later taking French nationality.

Ludwig Wilhelm Carl Rehn (13 April 1849, Bad Sooden-Allendorf – 29 May 1930) was a German surgeon. Rehn was born in 1849, in the village of Allendorf, the youngest of five children. After the visiting the convent school in Bad Hersfeld, he studied medicine at the University of Marburg from 1869 to 1874, where he became a member of the student corps Hasso-Nassovia.His current ancestors include Bodo Rehn.

Maximilian Oberst (October 6, 1849 – November 18, 1925) was a German physician and surgeon born in Regensburg.
He studied medicine in Munich, and from 1874 to 1877 was an assistant in the surgical department at a hospital in Augsburg. From 1877 he worked as an assistant to Richard von Volkmann at Halle, obtaining his habilitation in 1881. In 1884 became an assistant professor at the University of Halle, and from 1894 to 1920 was director and chief physician at the Krankenhaus Bergmannstrost in Halle. In 1919 he attained the title of professor ordinarius (full professor).
He is credited for introducing a method of block anesthesia ("Oberst-block") for use in minor surgery of the finger. In 1882 he published Die Amputationen unter dem Einflusse der antiseptischen Behandlung ("Amputations under the influence of antiseptic treatment").

Victor Henri Hutinel (15 April 1849 – 21 March 1933) was a French physician who was a native of Châtillon-sur-Seine, Côte-d'Or. He specialized in pediatric medicine and childhood diseases.
He studied medicine in Nancy, and later Paris, where he became an externe in 1871. He earned his medical doctorate in 1877, and in 1879 became médecin des hôpitaux. In 1897 he was professor of internal pathology, and in 1907 became a professor of pediatrics, succeeding Jacques-Joseph Grancher (1843–1907) as director at the Hôpital des Enfants-Malades in Paris.
Among his written publications was a five-volume work on childhood diseases called Les maladies des enfants. Another name for cirrhosis of the liver associated with childhood tuberculous pericarditis is sometimes referred to as "Hutinel's cirrhosis".

Marie Félix Albert Durand de Grossouvre (23 August 1849, Bourges – 18 May 1932, Bourges) was a French geologist, best known for his research in the fields of stratigraphy and paleontology.

Charles-Émile François-Franck (7 May 1849, Paris – 8 September 1921, Paris) was a French physiologist.
From 1871 he served as a hospital intern in Bordeaux, later returning to Paris, where he worked as an assistant to Étienne-Jules Marey in the laboratory of pathophysiology at the Collège de France. In 1885 he was named director of the laboratory, and in 1890, attained the title of professor. Among his assistants at the Collège de France was neuropathologist Gustave Roussy. In 1887 he was elected as a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine.His research included studies of vasomotor regulation, pulmonary blood flow and investigations involving the cerebral localization of function. He was a pioneer of sympathectomy (interruption of the sympathetic nervous system for relieving pain) and remembered for his usage of cinematography to accurately record body movements.

Henri Duret (7 July 1849, Condé-sur-Noireau – 7 April 1921) was a French neurologist whose contributions to the knowledge of cerebral circulation and the physiology of the brainstem were important for the early years of brain surgery. For thirty years he was associated with "Faculté Libre de Médecine" in Lille, France, and became dean of the school. He also organized and directed Red Cross hospitals during World War I.
Among his publications was a monograph on intracranial tumors titled Les tumeurs de l’encéphale (1905), and a major work on craniocerebral injuries titled Traumatismes cranio-cérébraux (1921). Other noted writings by Duret are:

Etudes expérimentales et cliniques sur les traumatismes cérébreaux, (1878) Delahaye, Paris.
"The role of the dura mater and its nerves in cerebral traumatism", (1878) in Brain 1:29–47.

Karl Dietrich Gerhard Barfurth (25 January 1849 – 23 March 1927) was a German anatomist and embryologist born in Dinslaken.
He studied mathematics and sciences at the University of Göttingen, and medicine (1879–1882) at the University of Bonn. In 1882 he earned his medical doctorate, and in 1883 received his habilitation in anatomy. In 1888 he worked as prosector under Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845–1919) in Göttingen. From 1889 to 1896 he was a professor of anatomy, embryology and histology at the University of Dorpat, and afterwards was professor of anatomy at the University of Rostock and director of the institute of anatomy.
Barfurth is remembered for regeneration research of body parts (tissues, limbs, organs, etc.) in animals at the embryonic, larval and adult stages of life. He was the author of the following works on regeneration:

Regeneration und Transplantation (1917)
Methoden zur Erforschung der Regeneration bei Tieren (Methods for the Study of Regeneration in Animals) (1920)