Vocation : Politics : Activist/ political

Manuel_Ayau

Manuel Francisco Ayau Cordón (December 27, 1925 – August 4, 2010) was the founder of the Universidad Francisco Marroquín in Guatemala. He was born in Guatemala City, on December 27, 1925. After diverse studies, he obtained a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Louisiana State University in 1950, an L.H.D. from Hillsdale College in 1973, and an honorary degree in law (Legum Doctor) from Northwood University in 1994.

Manuel_Pérez_Treviño

General Manuel Pérez Treviño (June 5, 1890 – April 29, 1945) was a Mexican politician and was an important military and political leader during and after the Mexican Revolution.
Pérez Treviño was born on June 5, 1890, to Jesús Pérez Rodríguez and Candelaria Treviño Rivera in Villa de Guerrero in the state of Coahuila. He was married to Esther González Pemoulié.
In 1913, after studying engineering in Mexico City, he joined the Mexican Revolution as a second captain in an artillery unit. After the Revolution, he founded the National Revolutionary Party (PNR, Partido Nacional Revolucionario), which later became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI, Partido Revolucionario Institucional). Among other positions, he was the president of the PNR, governor of Coahuila, preliminary candidate to the Presidency of the Republic, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Industry and Commerce, and ambassador to Chile, Spain, Portugal and Turkey.
While being ambassador in Spain 1936, the civil war started. He and his diplomatic team saved many lives because he ordered to give them asylum at the Mexican embassy in Madrid.
He died on April 29, 1945, in Nueva Rosita, Coahuila.

Anita_Fernandini_de_Naranjo

Ana María Fernandini Clotet de Naranjo (April 17, 1902 – September 20, 1982) was a Peruvian heiress and politician in the early 1960s. She was the mayor of Lima from 1963 to 1964, the first of two women to hold that position, the other being Susana Villarán.
Fernandini was born in Lima to an upper-class family of Corsican descent.
Her manor in San Isidro was sold to the Soviet government in 1970, becoming the Soviet (later Russian) Embassy.

Yvan_Craipeau

Yvan Craipeau (24 September 1911, La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée – 13 December 2001) was a French Trotskyist activist.
Born in La Roche-sur-Yon, he helped found a local independent Marxist organisation while he was still in his teens. Expelled from school, he moved to Paris and became associated with the Trotskyist group around La Verité. In 1930, the group founded the Communist League. It considered itself an external faction of the Communist Party of France and so admitted current and former members of the French Communist Party. However, the rule was relaxed, and Craipeau was allowed to join in 1931. He joined the League's executive committee with the responsibility for developing a youth wing.
By 1933, he was able to organise a meeting attended by 1000 members of the youth wings of the Communist Party and the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière. In 1933, he was Trotsky's personal secretary.
In 1936, Craipeau became a leading member of the new Internationalist Workers Party (POI). The following year, in reaction to Trotsky's The Revolution Betrayed, he began a re-analysis of the nature of the Soviet Union. He concluded that it could not be defended, as Trotsky held, as a degenerated workers' state but that it was a bureaucratic collectivist system, an idea that he introduced to Trotskyism.
During World War II, he was pronounced unfit for duty, and attempted, with Marcel Hic, to publish La Verité secretly. This was difficult, and following a series of setbacks, he turned instead to work influencing the German Army. He wrote an account of this activity in his books Contre vents et marées and La Libération Confisquée. The former work, on the Occupation period itself, was published in English in 2013.
In 1944, Craipeau was the architect of unity between three of France's four Trotskyist groups: the POI itself, the Comités Communistes Internationalistes and the Octobre group. They formed the Internationalist Communist Party, and in 1946, he was elected its General Secretary. In the same year, he was also elevated to the International Secretariat of the Fourth International. However, he could not agree with the International's perspective that a crisis in capitalism was imminent, and soon after the POI sided with the International, he was expelled.
Craipeau temporarily withdrew from politics, and in 1951, he moved to Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe, where he became a school teacher and soon secretary of the National Education Federation trade union.
In 1954, Craipeau returned to mainland France, where he participated in the creation of the New Left. This fused with the Movement for the Liberation of the City to form the Union of the Socialist Left (UGS) and, in 1960 with several groups to form the Unified Socialist Party (PSU). He remained a leading member of this party for many years, during which he wrote numerous books on left-wing politics and revolution.