Members of the French Academy of Sciences

Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (15 May 1821 – 21 July 1901) was a French biologist, anatomist and zoologist born in Montpezat in the department of Lot-et-Garonne. He was a leading authority in the field of malacology.He studied medicine in Paris, and worked at Necker Hospital under Armand Trousseau (1801–1867). Later on, with Jules Haime (1824–1856), he travelled to the Balearic Islands to study marine life. In 1854 he returned to Paris as an assistant to Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), and soon afterwards became a professor of zoology in Lille.
In 1865 he succeeded Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865) as chair of histoire naturelle des mollusques, des vers et des zoophytes at the National Museum of Natural History, France, and in 1868 became a professor at the University of Paris. In 1871 he was elected to French Academy of Sciences in the department of anatomy and zoology.

Lacaze-Duthiers is remembered for his study of the anatomy and developmental history of mussels, coral, snails, brachiopods and other invertebrate marine animals. In 1858 he discovered three mollusks in the Mediterranean that produced purple-blue dyes. One of the species, named murex trunculus, was the source of the distinctive purple-blue dye used by the ancient Phoenicians and Canaanites. He realised the dying process could be used to create a photographic image in purple-blue dye which he named the Mucographé process. Examples are preserved in the Sorbonne and the Royal Society in London.
He conducted pioneer exploration of marine life of coastal Algeria, that included scientific studies of coral. A result of this research was the publication of "Histoire naturelle du corail" (1864).He was the founder of two laboratories devoted to marine biology; the biological station at Roscoff in 1876, and the Arago laboratory at Banyuls-sur-Mer in 1882. A number of species bear his name, a few of them being: Strophomenia lacazei, Convoluta lacazi and Dileptus lacazei. In 1872 he founded the journal "Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générale" (Archives of Experimental and General Zoology).

Antoine Joseph Jobert de Lamballe (17 December 1799 – 19 April 1867) was a French surgeon. He was born at Matignon, studied medicine at Paris, and in 1830 became surgeon at the Hôpital Saint-Louis. He was elected to the Academy of Medicine in 1840 and to the Academy of Sciences in 1856.
Jobert was a brilliant and resourceful operator, best known for his masterly use of autoplastie, the repair of diseased parts by healthy neighboring tissue, and especially for the operation which he styled élitroplastie, an autoplastic cure of vaginal fistula. He wrote:

Traité théorique et pratique des maladies chirurgicales du canal intestinal (1829)
Etudes sur le système nerveux (1838)
Traité de chirurgie plastique (1849)
De la réunion en chirurgie (1864)

Marie Georges Humbert (7 January 1859 Paris, France – 22 January 1921 Paris, France) was a French mathematician who worked on Kummer surfaces and the Appell–Humbert theorem and introduced Humbert surfaces. His son was the mathematician Pierre Humbert. He won the Poncelet Prize of the Académie des Sciences in 1891.
He studied at the École Polytechnique. He was the brother-in-law of Charles Mangin.

Auguste Houzeau (French: [ogyst uzo]; 3 March 1829, Elbeuf – 17 February 1911, Rouen) was a French agronomist and chemist.
He studied at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers in Paris, where he took chemistry classes from Jean-Baptiste Boussingault. He later served as a professor at the École préparatoire à l'enseignement supérieur des sciences et des lettres in Rouen, and in 1883 was appointed director of the Station agronomique de la Seine-Inférieure. He was also president of the Société centrale d'agriculture de la Seine-Maritime.He is remembered for his investigations on the nature of ozone and its diffusion into the atmosphere; as well as for various studies of fertilizers and for his research involving apple pomace. He was the recipient of several awards during his career, such as:

(1862): The Médaille de vermeil from the Société industrielle d'Elbeuf.
(1870): Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, being promoted to officer in 1895.
(1872): The Médaille d'or of the Sociétés savantes à la Sorbonne.
(1872): Platinum medal from the Société d'encouragement of Paris.
(1877): The Prix Jecker for his work associated with ozone.
The Ordre du Lion et du Soleil of Persia.

Louis-Félix Henneguy (18 March 1850 – 16 January 1928) was a French zoologist and embryologist born in Paris.
In 1875, he received his medical doctorate from the University of Montpellier with a dissertation on the physiological action of poisons, Étude physiologique sur l'action des poisons. In 1883 he obtained his agrégation with Les lichens utiles, a thesis on useful lichens.
During his career he was a professor of comparative embryology at the Collège de France (1900–28), and a member of the Académie de Médecine, the Académie d'Agriculture and the Académie des sciences (1908–28). From 1894 he was director of the journal, Archives d'anatomie microscopique.
He is known for his extensive research of phylloxera, publishing a number of papers on means of destroying its eggs during the winter (1885, 1887–88). Also he performed studies on the natural history of the apple blossom weevil, proposing methods for its eradication (1891). On behalf of the Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee, he did reviews involving the sale and consumption of mussels throughout the year.
With Hungarian neuroanatomist, Mihály Lenhossék (1863–1937), the "Henneguy–Lenhossek theory" is named, which states the claim that mitotic centrioles and ciliary basal kinetosomes are fundamentally the same structure.As a taxonomist he circumscribed the apicomplexan genus Rhytidocystis, and the protozoan genera Thelohania and Fabrea. The genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 is named after him, as are the species Apherusa henneguyi Chevreux & Fage, 1925 and Ectinosoma henneguyi Labbé, 1926.In 1903 he was appointed president of the Société entomologique de France.

Edmond Hébert (12 June 1812 – 4 April 1890), French geologist, was born at Villefargau, Yonne.
He was educated at the College de Meaux, Auxerre, and at the École Normale in Paris. In 1836 he became professor at Meaux, in 1838 demonstrator in chemistry and physics at the École Normale, and in 1841 sub-director of studies at that school and lecturer on geology. In 1857 the degree of D. es Sc. was conferred upon him, and he was appointed professor of geology at the Sorbonne.There he was eminently successful as a teacher, and worked with great zeal in the field, adding much to the knowledge of the Jurassic and older strata. He devoted, however, special attention to the subdivisions of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations in France, and to their correlation with the strata in England and in southern Europe.To him we owe the first definite arrangement of the Chalk into palaeontological zones (see "Table" in Geol. Hag., 1869, p. 200). During his later years he was regarded as the leading geologist in France.He was elected a member of the Académie des sciences in 1877, Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1885, and he was three times president of the Geological Society of France. He died in Paris on 4 April 1890.

Paul Gabriel Hautefeuille (2 December 1836 in Étampes – 8 December 1902 in Paris) was a French mineralogist and chemist.

Gustave Émile Haug (19 June 1861 - 28 August 1927) was a French geologist and paleontologist known for his contribution to the geosyncline theory.

Maurice Théodore Adolphe Hamy (31 October 1861, Boulogne-sur-Mer – 9 April 1936, Paris) was a French astronomer.
He obtained in 1887 a doctorate from the Faculté des sciences de Paris with dissertation Étude sur la figure des corps célestes. In the 1890s he applied his method of interference fringes to an analysis of errors made in astronomical observations using meridian circles. He used his interference method to confirm Barnard's measurement of the apparent diameter of Venus. Hamy participated in the creation of l'Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée (SupOptique).
He won the prix Lalande in 1895. Filling the empty chair created by the death of Jules Janssen, Hamy was elected in 1908 a member of l'Académie des sciences and then in 1928 its president. He was also elected a member of the Bureau des longitudes.
He is a nephew of Ernest Hamy.

Georges-Henri Halphen (French: [ʒɔʀʒ ɑ̃ʁi alfɛn]; 30 October 1844, Rouen – 23 May 1889, Versailles) was a French mathematician. He was known for his work in geometry, particularly in enumerative geometry and the singularity theory of algebraic curves, in algebraic geometry. He also worked on invariant theory and projective differential geometry.