Stéphane Leduc (1 November 1853 – 8 March 1939) was a French biologist who sought to contribute to understanding of the chemical and physical mechanisms of life. He was a scientist in the fledgling field of synthetic biology, particularly in relation to diffusion and osmosis. He was a professor at the École de Médecine de Nantes and worked on osmotic crystallisation and the physiological effects of electric current. He was an Officier de la Légion d'honneur.
Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann (22 May 1803 – 27 January 1881) was a French chemist who patented the reaction for converting ammonia to nitric acid, which was later used in the Ostwald process.He was both a research scientist and a professor at Université Lille Nord de France. He promoted chemical engineering education for science graduates in Lille and supported the development of École centrale de Lille (IDN).
As an entrepreneur starting in 1829, he established his own chemical company producing sulfuric acid. This company later merged into Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann group.
Auguste Houzeau (French: [ogyst uzo]; 3 March 1829, Elbeuf – 17 February 1911, Rouen) was a French agronomist and chemist.
He studied at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers in Paris, where he took chemistry classes from Jean-Baptiste Boussingault. He later served as a professor at the École préparatoire à l'enseignement supérieur des sciences et des lettres in Rouen, and in 1883 was appointed director of the Station agronomique de la Seine-Inférieure. He was also president of the Société centrale d'agriculture de la Seine-Maritime.He is remembered for his investigations on the nature of ozone and its diffusion into the atmosphere; as well as for various studies of fertilizers and for his research involving apple pomace. He was the recipient of several awards during his career, such as:
(1862): The Médaille de vermeil from the Société industrielle d'Elbeuf.
(1870): Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, being promoted to officer in 1895.
(1872): The Médaille d'or of the Sociétés savantes à la Sorbonne.
(1872): Platinum medal from the Société d'encouragement of Paris.
(1877): The Prix Jecker for his work associated with ozone.
The Ordre du Lion et du Soleil of Persia.
Étienne-Ossian Henry (27 November 1798 in Paris – 26 August 1873) was a French chemist, son of Noël-Étienne Henry (1769–1832), and trained by his father, who was director of the Central Pharmacy of the Parisian hospitals and professor in the School of Pharmacy. In 1824, he became director of the chemical laboratory of the Academy of Medicine. He discovered sinapin and studied mineral waters, the milk of various animals, nicotine, and tannin. In 1827, with Auguste-Arthur Plisson, who had studied under his father, he discovered aspartic acid.In 1845, he invented the first true burette for titration, which is a widely used device in analytical chemistry and related fields.His son was Emmanuel-Ossian Henry (1826-1867).
Paul Gabriel Hautefeuille (2 December 1836 in Étampes – 8 December 1902 in Paris) was a French mineralogist and chemist.
Théodore (Nicolas) Gobley (French: [ɡɔblɛ]; 11 May 1811, in Paris – 1 September 1876, in Bagnères-de-Luchon, was the first to isolate and ultimately determine the chemical structure of lecithin, the first identified and characterized member of the phospholipids class. He was also a pioneer researcher in the study and analysis of the chemical components of brain tissues.
Emile Justin Armand Gautier (23 September 1837, in Narbonne – 27 July 1920, in Cannes) was a French biochemist and dietitian.
Jean Pierre Bernard Édouard Filhol (7 October 1814 – 25 June 1883) was a French scientist.
In 1854 Édouard Filhol was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Toulouse, a position he held until 1882. Later, in 1865, he became director of the Museum de Toulouse. It was the first museum in the world to open a gallery of prehistory thanks to the collaboration of Emile Cartailhac, Jean-Baptiste Noulet and Eugène Trutat. In the same year, he became director of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Toulouse.
Jean-Baptiste Senderens studied under Édouard Filhol, professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences in Toulouse.
After ten years of collaboration with Filhol he began a collaboration of equal length with Paul Sabatier, Filhol's successor.From 1867–1870, Édouard Filhol was Mayor of Toulouse.
He was the father of the naturalist Henri Filhol (1843–1902)
Pierre Paul Dehérain (19 April 1830 in Paris – 7 December 1902) was a French plant physiologist and agricultural chemist. He was notably the doctoral advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Henri Moissan.
He served as an assistant at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers in Paris, then at the age of 26, began work as a professor at the Collège Chaptal. He obtained his LSc degree in 1856 under Edmond Frémy. Later on, he taught classes in agricultural chemistry at the agricultural school in Grignon, and in 1880, became a professor of plant physiology at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. In 1887 he was elected a member of the Académie des sciences.As a plant physiologist, he studied the absorption of carbon dioxide by plants and the effect of artificial light, especially ultraviolet rays, on plants. He showed that plants do not absorb only those minerals that are beneficial, as previously thought, but absorb all of them and then use those that they need – so that consumption regulates absorption. He discovered respiration by plant roots and investigated the effect of different minerals on the growth of fruits. He also studied effect of crop rotation on soil quality.
The plant genus Deherainia from the family Theophrastaceae is named after him.
Jules Henri Debray (26 July 1827, in Amiens – 19 July 1888, in Paris) was a French chemist.
In 1847 he began his studies at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and several years later became an instructor at the Lycée Charlemagne (1855). From 1875 onward, he taught classes in chemistry at the École Normale Supérieure, where in 1881 he succeeded Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville as professor of chemistry.He is best remembered for his collaborative research with Sainte-Claire Deville involving the properties of platinum metals, in particular, the melting of platinum and its alloys. Their process for melting platinum remained the chosen method until induction furnaces became available decades later. In 1860, the two scientists were the first to melt an appreciable quantity of iridium.During his career, Debray served as an assayer for the Bureau de Garantie of Paris, was vice-president of the Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale and was a member of the Académie des sciences.