1866 deaths

Alphonse Loubat (15 June 1799 – 10 September 1866) was a French inventor who developed improvements in tram and rail equipment, and helped develop tram lines in New York City and Paris.
Loubat was born in Sainte-Livrade-sur-Lot. He went to New York City in 1827 where he helped develop that city's first tramway in 1832. He returned to France and in 1852 developed the grooved rail, which greatly facilitated street railways and tramlines. Besides he planted wine in Brooklin and wrote on wine.He died in Ville-d'Avray. Joseph Florimond Loubat was his son.

Jean Joseph Vaudechamp (1790–1866) was a French painter born in Rambervillers, Vosges. He was a pupil of Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson.

Samuel Sarphati (31 January 1813 – 23 June 1866) was a Dutch physician and Amsterdam city planner.

Louis-Marie Michon (2 November 1802 in Blanzy, Saône-et-Loire – 6 May 1866 in Paris) was a French surgeon.
He studied medicine in Paris, where in 1826 he became an interne (interne provisoire the preceding year). From 1830 he served as aide d’anatomie to the medical faculty, attaining his agrégation in surgery in 1832 with the thesis De la carie et de la nécrose. During the same year he was appointed as surgeon to the "Bureau central", followed by chirurgien des hôpitaux in 1835. As a physician, he distinguished himself during the Revolution of 1848.
In 1843 he was a founding member of the Société nationale de chirurgie (today known as Académie nationale de chirurgie), and in 1863 was admitted to the Académie de Médecine. Posthumously (1873), he was praised at the annual meeting of the Société nationale de chirurgie by Felix Guyon (1831–1920).He was the author of an early treatise on tumors of synovial tissue titled Des tumeurs synoviales de la partie inférieure de l'avant-bras, de la face palmaire du poignet et de la main- 1851 (Synovial tumors of the lower part of the forearm, the volar wrist and hand).He was an officer of the Légion d'Honneur, and the father of politician Joseph Michon (1836–1904). He is buried in Montcenis, Saône-et-Loire.

Gaspard Goyrand (3 February 1803 – 23 June 1866) was a French general practitioner, surgeon and politician from Aix-en-Provence. He helped treat cholera from 1835 to 1854, while serving as Deputy Mayor of Aix from 1838 to 1848.

Paulino José Soares de Sousa, the Viscount of Uruguai (4 October 1808 – 15 July 1866), was a congressman, a senator, a State Councillor and a skilful diplomat.Born in Paris, he distinguished himself during the 1850s when, as Minister of Foreign Affairs for Brazil, he organized the Brazilian Diplomatic Corps and structured the entire Brazilian policy of intervention in the River Plate against Juan Manuel de Rosas from Argentina, and Manuel Oribe from Uruguay.
A cautious diplomat, he knew how to take advantage of favourable circumstances, excluding unilateral action by Brazil and acting only at the request of the constitutional governments in the region. Success also came from his part in Franco-English involvement. He took on the financial burden incurred by France in maintaining the government of Montevideo and in relation to England, took steps towards the abolition of the slave traffic, creating favourable conditions for involvement by Brazil and its allies. In Paris in 1855 he negotiated the issue of Brazilian borders with French Guiana, which resulted in the matter being finally resolved in 1900, by the Baron of Rio Branco.
The Viscount died in Rio de Janeiro, aged 58.

Pierre Henri Dorie (1839–1866) was a French missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, who was martyred in Korea in 1866. His feast day is 7 March, and he is also venerated along with the rest of the 103 Korean Martyrs on 20 September.

Charles Beck or Karl Beck (August 19, 1798 – March 19, 1866) was a German-born American classical scholar, Harvard professor and friend of Charles Follen.

Paul Gavarni was the pen name of Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier (13 January 1804 – 24 November 1866), a French illustrator, born in Paris.