19th-century French botanists

Camille François Sauvageau (12 May 1861 – 5 August 1936) was a French botanist and phycologist.Sauvageau was born in Angers. He studied at the University of Montpellier, receiving his degree in natural sciences in 1884. Afterwards he served as an assistant to Charles Flahault (1884–1888) in Montpellier and to Philippe Van Tieghem (1885–1891) in Paris. In 1891 he received his doctorate in Paris with the thesis Sur les feuilles de quelques Monocotylédones aquatiques (On the leaves of some aquatic monocots). In 1892 he attained a professorship at the University of Lyon, later serving as a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences of Bordeaux (1901–1932).He is known for his investigations of Phaeophyceae, being a taxonomic authority of numerous brown algae species. In 1926 he described the order Sporochnales.His name was lent to the mycological genus Sauvageautia Har., 1892 (now a synonym of Urosporella G.F.Atkinson, 1897) as well as to the algae genus Sauvageaugloia (Hamel ex Kylin, 1940).The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Montagne for 1904.

Louis Étienne Ravaz or Louis Ravaz (Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas, Isère, 1863 — Montpellier, 1937) was a specialist of ampelography and one of the creators of modern viticulture. In 1892, he founded the grape research station of Cognac (French: Station viticole de Cognac), that he directed for several years. He was professor of viticulture (and from 1919 director) at the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier (École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier). He contributed to the diffusion of the use of the American varieties in the regions affected by French blight (Phylloxera) and investigated the pathologies of the grapevine. He published several works on viticulture. With Pierre Viala, he described the causes of the black-rot disease of grapevine and founded the "Revue de viticulture".
He was the taxon author of:

Guignardia Viala & Ravaz, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 8: 63 (1892)

Édouard Ernest Prillieux (11 January 1829 in Paris – 7 October 1915 in Mondoubleau) was a French botanist and agronomist known for his work with plant diseases.
He took courses at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle as a pupil of Adrien-Henri de Jussieu and Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart, then from 1850 studied botany at the Institut national agronomique in Versailles under Pierre Étienne Simon Duchartre. For a number of years afterwards he served in various functions at the Sorbonne and at the natural history museum. From 1874 he taught classes at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, and in 1876 was named a professor of botany and plant physiology at the agronomic institute. In 1887 he became director of the Station de Pathologie végétale in Paris.In 1876 he was chosen as president of the Société nationale d'agriculture, and in 1883 became inspector general of agricultural education. In 1897 he replaced Charles Victor Naudin at the French Academy of Sciences (botanical section). From 1897 to 1906 he served as a senator representing the department of Loir-et-Cher.The mycological genera Prillieuxia (Sacc. & Syd., 1899) and Prillieuxina (G.Arnaud, 1918) commemorate his name.

Félix-Archimède Pouchet (26 August 1800 – 6 December 1872) was a French naturalist and a leading proponent of spontaneous generation of life from non-living materials, and as such an opponent of Louis Pasteur's germ theory. He was the father of Georges Pouchet (1833–1894), a professor of comparative anatomy.
From 1828 he was director of the Rouen Jardin des Plantes. Later, in 1838, he became professor at the School of Medicine at the University of Rouen. His major scientific work Hétérogénie was published in 1859. He also wrote a layperson's encyclopedia The Universe, published in 1870, which gives an overview of the sciences, but in which Pouchet ridicules Louis Pasteur's theories (calling them panspermism) and atomic theory.
In 1847, Pouchet effectively launched the study of the physiology of cytology. In 1848, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.

Nicolas Auguste Pomel (20 September 1821 – 2 August 1898) was a French geologist, paleontologist and botanist. He worked as a mines engineer in Algeria and became a specialist in north African vertebrate fossils. He was Senator of Algeria for Oran from 1876 to 1882.

Jules Émile Planchon (21 March 1823 – 1 April 1888) was a French botanist born in Ganges, Hérault.

Charles Victor Naudin (14 August 1815 in Autun – 19 March 1899 in Antibes) was a French naturalist and botanist.

Marin Molliard (8 June 1866, in Châtillon-Coligny – 24 July 1944, in Paris) was a French botanist.
From 1888 he studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he successively earned degrees in mathematics (1889), physics (1890) and natural sciences (1891). In 1892 he obtained his agrégation, and two years later became chef de travaux to the faculty of sciences at Paris. In 1922 he became a lecturer at the École Normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, and from 1923 to 1936 served as director of the laboratory of plant biology in Avon. In 1937 he received the title of honorary professor.In 1923 he was named president of the Société botanique de France. During the same year he was elected as a member of the Académie des sciences (section of botany).In 1904 he was the first to describe conidia in the fungal genus Sarcoscypha. In 1984 John W. Paden introduced the generic name Molliardiomyces for the anamorphic states of Sarcoscypha and the related genus Phillipsia.

François Émile Maupas (2 July 1842 in Vaudry – 18 October 1916 in Algiers) was a French librarian, protozoologist, cytologist, and botanist. Maupas contributed to ideas on the life cycle and reproduction of the ciliates. He founded the idea, known as the Maupasian life cycle, that some protists had a definite death following sexual reproduction, contrary to contemporary ideas on protists being immortal. He also identified the existence of mating types in ciliates. He developed culture techniques for a number of organisms and described the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has since become a widely used model organism in biological studies.

Antoine-Fortuné Marion (10 October 1846 – 22 January 1900) was a French naturalist with interests in geology, zoology, and botany. He was also a competent amateur painter.
A school friend of Paul Cézanne's in Aix-en-Provence, Marion went on to become professor and director of the Natural History Museum in Marseille. Cézanne painted his portrait in 1866–1867 at the Bastide du Jas de Bouffan.
He received his higher education in Marseille, earning his arts and letters degree in 1866 and his degree in sciences in 1868. In 1878 he opened a marine laboratory with financial assistance provided by the city of Marseille, which led in 1882 to the building of the Marine Station of Endoume. In 1880 he became director of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Marseille.He was a good friend of Gaston de Saporta, with whom he collaborated on works in the field of botany. As a zoologist, his research included studies of segmented marine worms, free-living roundworms of the Mediterranean, nemerteans, rotifers, zoantharians, alcyonarians, parasites that affected crustaceans and investigations of the class Enteropneusta. As a result of his work in the fight against Phylloxera (an aphid-like pest), he was given awards by the French and foreign governments.He was a founder of the publication "Annales du Musée d'histoire naturelle de Marseille".His painting The Village Church now belongs to the Fitzwilliam Museum.