Karl Christian Friedrich Pfizer (German: [kaʁl ˈpfɪtsɐ]; March 22, 1824 – October 19, 1906), known as Charles Pfizer, was a German-American businessman and chemist who co-founded the Pfizer pharmaceutical company with his cousin, Charles F. Erhart, in 1849, as Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc.
Eugen Baumann (12 December 1846 – 3 November 1896) was a German chemist. He was one of the first people to create polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and, together with Carl Schotten, he discovered the Schotten-Baumann reaction.
Arthur von Weinberg (11 August 1860, in Frankfurt am Main – 20 March 1943, in the Theresienstadt Ghetto) was a German chemist and industrialist.
He was a co-owner of Cassella and later a co-founder, co-owner and member of the supervisory board and the administrative board of IG Farben. He was also a prominent philanthropist in Frankfurt. He founded the Arthur von Weinberg Foundation in 1909, was director of the Senckenberg Nature Research Society and was a co-founder of the Goethe University Frankfurt in 1914.
A member of a Jewish family of industrialists, he was a grandson of Ludwig Aaron Gans. In 1908 Arthur Weinberg and his brother Carl were ennobled by Emperor William II, and he received numerous other honours in Germany. In 1909 he married the Dutch widow Willemine Huygens. During the Nazi regime, Weinberg was forced out of his offices and for a time lived with his adopted daughters Marie and Charlotte, Countess Spreti in Bavaria. In 1942 he was arrested, and he died following a cholecystectomy in the Theresienstadt Ghetto at the age of 82. His ashes were scattered in the Eger river.
Max Joseph Pettenkofer, ennobled in 1883 as Max Joseph von Pettenkofer (3 December 1818 – 10 February 1901) was a Bavarian chemist and hygienist. He is known for his work in practical hygiene, as an apostle of good water, fresh air and proper sewage disposal. He was further known as an anti-contagionist, a school of thought, named later on, that did not believe in the then novel concept that bacteria were the main cause of disease. In particular he argued in favor of a variety of conditions collectively contributing to the incidence of disease including: personal state of health, the fermentation of environmental ground water, and also the germ in question. He was most well known for his establishment of hygiene as an experimental science and also was a strong proponent for the founding of hygiene institutes in Germany. His work served as an example which other institutes around the world emulated.
Hermann Julius Grüneberg (11 April 1827 – 7 June 1894) was a German chemist and inventor, and together with Julius Vorster the founder of the Chemische Fabrik Kalk.
Friedrich Carl Duisberg (29 September 1861 – 19 March 1935) was a German chemist and industrialist.
Franz Karl Achard (28 April 1753 – 20 April 1821) was a German (Prussian) chemist, geoscientist, physicist, and biologist. His principal discovery was the production of sugar from sugar beets.