20th-century French botanists

Camille François Sauvageau (12 May 1861 – 5 August 1936) was a French botanist and phycologist.Sauvageau was born in Angers. He studied at the University of Montpellier, receiving his degree in natural sciences in 1884. Afterwards he served as an assistant to Charles Flahault (1884–1888) in Montpellier and to Philippe Van Tieghem (1885–1891) in Paris. In 1891 he received his doctorate in Paris with the thesis Sur les feuilles de quelques Monocotylédones aquatiques (On the leaves of some aquatic monocots). In 1892 he attained a professorship at the University of Lyon, later serving as a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences of Bordeaux (1901–1932).He is known for his investigations of Phaeophyceae, being a taxonomic authority of numerous brown algae species. In 1926 he described the order Sporochnales.His name was lent to the mycological genus Sauvageautia Har., 1892 (now a synonym of Urosporella G.F.Atkinson, 1897) as well as to the algae genus Sauvageaugloia (Hamel ex Kylin, 1940).The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Montagne for 1904.

Louis Étienne Ravaz or Louis Ravaz (Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas, Isère, 1863 — Montpellier, 1937) was a specialist of ampelography and one of the creators of modern viticulture. In 1892, he founded the grape research station of Cognac (French: Station viticole de Cognac), that he directed for several years. He was professor of viticulture (and from 1919 director) at the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier (École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier). He contributed to the diffusion of the use of the American varieties in the regions affected by French blight (Phylloxera) and investigated the pathologies of the grapevine. He published several works on viticulture. With Pierre Viala, he described the causes of the black-rot disease of grapevine and founded the "Revue de viticulture".
He was the taxon author of:

Guignardia Viala & Ravaz, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 8: 63 (1892)

Édouard Ernest Prillieux (11 January 1829 in Paris – 7 October 1915 in Mondoubleau) was a French botanist and agronomist known for his work with plant diseases.
He took courses at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle as a pupil of Adrien-Henri de Jussieu and Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart, then from 1850 studied botany at the Institut national agronomique in Versailles under Pierre Étienne Simon Duchartre. For a number of years afterwards he served in various functions at the Sorbonne and at the natural history museum. From 1874 he taught classes at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, and in 1876 was named a professor of botany and plant physiology at the agronomic institute. In 1887 he became director of the Station de Pathologie végétale in Paris.In 1876 he was chosen as president of the Société nationale d'agriculture, and in 1883 became inspector general of agricultural education. In 1897 he replaced Charles Victor Naudin at the French Academy of Sciences (botanical section). From 1897 to 1906 he served as a senator representing the department of Loir-et-Cher.The mycological genera Prillieuxia (Sacc. & Syd., 1899) and Prillieuxina (G.Arnaud, 1918) commemorate his name.

Marin Molliard (8 June 1866, in Châtillon-Coligny – 24 July 1944, in Paris) was a French botanist.
From 1888 he studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he successively earned degrees in mathematics (1889), physics (1890) and natural sciences (1891). In 1892 he obtained his agrégation, and two years later became chef de travaux to the faculty of sciences at Paris. In 1922 he became a lecturer at the École Normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, and from 1923 to 1936 served as director of the laboratory of plant biology in Avon. In 1937 he received the title of honorary professor.In 1923 he was named president of the Société botanique de France. During the same year he was elected as a member of the Académie des sciences (section of botany).In 1904 he was the first to describe conidia in the fungal genus Sarcoscypha. In 1984 John W. Paden introduced the generic name Molliardiomyces for the anamorphic states of Sarcoscypha and the related genus Phillipsia.

François Émile Maupas (2 July 1842 in Vaudry – 18 October 1916 in Algiers) was a French librarian, protozoologist, cytologist, and botanist. Maupas contributed to ideas on the life cycle and reproduction of the ciliates. He founded the idea, known as the Maupasian life cycle, that some protists had a definite death following sexual reproduction, contrary to contemporary ideas on protists being immortal. He also identified the existence of mating types in ciliates. He developed culture techniques for a number of organisms and described the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has since become a widely used model organism in biological studies.

Louis Alexandre Mangin (8 September 1852, in Paris – 27 January 1937) was a French botanist and mycologist.
In 1873, he became an associate professor at the Lycée de Nancy, followed by a professorship at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris (1881–1904). During this time frame, he was also a lecturer on natural sciences at the Sorbonne (from 1890). From 1904 to 1931, he was a professor (Chaire de cryptogamie) at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, and was director of the museum from 1919 until his retirement in 1931. For several years he was director of the menagerie at the Jardin des Plantes (1920 to 1926).
Mangin was a member of the Académie des sciences, the Académie d'agriculture de France, the Académie des sciences coloniales and the Société mycologique de France.
His early research dealt largely with plant anatomy and physiology; his doctoral thesis involving the adventitious roots of monocotyledons. With Gaston Bonnier (1853–1922), he performed extensive research of plant respiration, transpiration and carbon assimilation. In the early 1890s he is credited with the discovery of callose, a fundamental substance found in the cell membrane of plants.

René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the Flore de l'Afrique du Nord in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953. He collected plants from Algeria, Morocco, France, and Mali for the herbarium of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium.

Henri Lucien Jumelle (25 November 1866 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loir Department, France – 6 December 1935 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône Department, France) was a French botanist.From 1887 to 1894, he worked as a plant physiologist at the Faculté des Sciences in Paris. Afterwards, he was a professor of botany at the Faculté des Sciences in Marseille (1894-1935). From 1898 to 1916, he was assistant director, then director of the Musée colonial et du Jardin botanique in Marseille.He held a deep interest in applied botany, publishing numerous treatises on the agricultural aspects of various plants. During his career, he worked closely with botanist Joseph Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie, who sent him botanical material from Madagascar. As a taxonomist, he circumscribed many new species native to Madagascar.From 1922 to 1935, he was a correspondent-member of the Académie des Sciences (botanical section).

Dr. Édouard Marie Heckel (March 24, 1843 – January 20, 1916) was a French botanist and medical doctor, and director of the Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel in Marseille.
Heckel was born in Toulon, studied pharmacy and medicine, and in 1861 visited the Caribbean and Australia. In 1875, he was appointed professor in the faculty of sciences at Marseille, and in 1877 professor of medicine. He became a professor of natural history in Nancy in 1878, and is known for his studies of tropical plants and their use as medicinal plants and oilseeds.
From 1885, Heckel turned to the study of tropical plants such as medicinal or industrial oilseeds. In 1893 he founded the Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille and creates a tropical pathology professorship at the medical school.
In 1887, he won the Prix Barbier from the French Academy of Sciences.In 1896, French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre named a genus of flowering plants (belonging to the family Meliaceae) from western central Tropical Africa, Heckeldora in his honour.In 1901, he launched the idea of creating an exhibition devoted exclusively to French colonies. This project would be supported by Jules Charles-Roux, who would become the Commissioner General while Heckel was his deputy. The exhibition was held at Parc Chanot in Marseille and was a great success from its opening on April 14, 1906 to its closure Nov. 18, 1906.

Lucien Louis Daniel (1 November 1856 – 26 December 1940) was a French botanist. He was a professor of applied botany at the University of Rennes. His speciality was grafting.
He is the binomial author of a plant species in the family Rosaceae: Pirocydonia winkleri L.L.Daniel ex Bois, an asexual artificial hybrid. (Revue Horticole. Paris. 1914, n. s. xiv. 27)
In 1904 he was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society.