1843 births

Pierre Lallement (French: [lalmɑ̃]; October 25, 1843 – August 29, 1891) is considered by some to be the inventor of the pedal bicycle.

Ernst von Herzog (23 November 1834, Esslingen am Neckar – 16 November 1911) was a German classical philologist and archaeologist, who as an expert in the field of Roman epigraphy.
He studied theology and classical philology at the University of Tübingen, and afterwards continued his education at the University of Munich. From 1857 he worked as a tutor in Paris, then studied archaeology at Berlin, followed by research at the German Archaeological Institute in Rome. In 1861 he conducted studies of ancient Roman inscriptions in southern France. In 1862 he obtained his habilitation for classical philology at Tübingen, where in 1867 he became an associate professor, followed by a full professorship in classical philology in 1874. Herzog was a prominent member of the Reichs-Limeskommission (German Limes Commission) and of the Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute).As a result of his scientific research in France, he published a book on the history of Gallia Narbonensis titled "Galliae narbonensi Commis provinciae Romanae historia descriptio institutorum expositio" (1864). In his studies associated with Limes Germanicus, he conducted archaeological excavations at several sites in Württemberg — Rottenburg am Neckar (1883–84), near Öhringen (1892), and Mainhardt and Jagsthausen (1893).He was the author of a well-received work on the history and structure of the Roman Constitution, titled "Geschichte und system der Römischen Staatsverfassung" (2 volumes; 1884, 1891). In 1871 he published "Untersuchungen über die bildungsgeschichte der griechischen und lateinischen sprache" (Studies on the educational history of Greek and Latin languages).

Ernest Charles Philippe Auguste Munier-Chalmas (7 April 1843 – 9 August 1903) was a French geologist, born at Tournus in Burgundy, who is known for his contributions to the understanding of the Cretaceous, but who also isolated and defined the Priabonian stage of the Late Eocene, in a paper co-written with Albert de Lapparent in 1893.
From 1864 he worked as an assistant in the geology department at the Sorbonne, and subsequently participated in geological missions to Austria-Hungary and the Venetian Alps. From 1882 he taught classes at the École Normale Supérieure, and in 1891 became a professor of geology at the Sorbonne. In addition, from 1892 to 1903, he was director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études.In 1873 he described the bivalve genera Matheronia and Toucasia (family Requieniidae). With paleontologist Charles Schlumberger, he conducted important investigations on sexual dimorphism in Foraminifera.In 1891 he was appointed president of the Société géologique de France. He was elected to the mineralogical section of the French Académie des sciences on 5 May 1903.In 1895, botanist Hermann zu Solms-Laubach published Chalmasia, which is a genus of green algae in the family Polyphysaceae and name in Chalmas's honour.He died in retirement at Aix-les-Bains, Provence.

Julius von Michel (5 July 1843 – 29 September 1911) was a German ophthalmologist born in Frankenthal.
He studied at the Universities of Würzburg and Zurich, and in 1866 served as a military physician in the Austro-Prussian War. From 1868 to 1870 he was an assistant to Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886) at the University Eye Clinic in Zurich. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), he again served as a military doctor, and afterwards worked with Gustav Schwalbe (1844–1916) at Carl Ludwig's Physiological Institute in Leipzig.
In 1872 he earned his habilitation in Leipzig, and subsequently became an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Erlangen, where in 1874 he gained a full professorship. In 1879 he was named successor to Robert von Welz at the ophthalmology clinic in Würzburg, and later on, he was a replacement for Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger at the University of Berlin (1900).
Michel is remembered for work involving tuberculosis of the eye, and his pioneer research of central retinal vein occlusion.Among his written efforts are Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde (Textbook of ophthalmology, 1890) and Klinischer Leitfaden der Augenheilkunde (Guide to clinical ophthalmology). With Hermann Kuhnt (1850–1925), he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde.

Just-Marie-Marcellin Lucas-Championnière (15 August 1843, in Avilly-Saint-Léonard – 22 October 1913, in Paris) was a French surgeon.
From 1860 he studied medicine in Paris, receiving his medical doctorate in 1870 and his agrégation in 1874. In 1874 he qualified as a hospital surgeon, and during his career was associated with the hospitals Cochin, Lariboisière, Tenon, Saint-Louis, Beaujon and Hôtel-Dieu in Paris. In 1906 he retired as a hospital surgeon.While still a student, he traveled to Glasgow in order to study antisepsis under Joseph Lister. Subsequently, he introduced antiseptic surgery to France, publishing an important work on the subject in 1876 that was later translated into English. He also made significant contributions in his work involving bone fractures and hernias. In his research of trepanation, he showed that prehistoric flint tools could make trephine holes in a skull in less than 50 minutes.In 1885 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine. For a number of years he was editor of the Journal de médecine et de chirurgie pratiques.

Karl Koester (born 2 April 1843 in Bad Dürkheim, died 2 December 1904 in Bonn) was a German pathologist and rector of the University of Bonn from 1898 to 1899. He was professor of pathology and director of the Institute of Pathology at the University of Bonn from 1874 to 1904. He held the title Geheimer Medizinalrat.
Koester studied medicine in Munich, Tübingen and Würzburg, and obtained his doctoral degree in Würzburg in 1867. His doctoral advisor and mentor was Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen, and he subsequently worked as Recklinghausen's assistant. From 1873 to 1874 he was professor of general medical pathology and anatomical pathology at the University of Giessen. He succeeded Eduard von Rindfleisch as professor of pathology at the University of Bonn in 1874.
In 1868 he published Ueber die feinere Structur der menschlichen Nabelschnur ("On the finer structure of the human umbilical cord").He became a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1880.

Joseph Bernard Reymond (3 May 1843 – 20 September 1918) was a French-born Australian politician.
He was born in Chabaud in France to farmer Etienne Bernard Reymond and Elizabeth Charriere Rond. He taught English from 1854 until 1857 before migrating to Melbourne in 1857, prospecting at Ararat, Ballarat and Chiltern. In 1862 he followed a gold rush to Forbes, where he set up a general store. He was an alderman from 1875 to 1884 and mayor from 1883 to 1884. He had married Margaret Kerr on 13 August 1861 at Wahgunyah; they had seven children. In 1895, Reymond was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Protectionist member for Ashburnham. He served until 1904, when he was defeated running as an independent. Reymond became director of Forbes Hospital in his retirement, and died at Forbes in 1918.

Dr. Édouard Marie Heckel (March 24, 1843 – January 20, 1916) was a French botanist and medical doctor, and director of the Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel in Marseille.
Heckel was born in Toulon, studied pharmacy and medicine, and in 1861 visited the Caribbean and Australia. In 1875, he was appointed professor in the faculty of sciences at Marseille, and in 1877 professor of medicine. He became a professor of natural history in Nancy in 1878, and is known for his studies of tropical plants and their use as medicinal plants and oilseeds.
From 1885, Heckel turned to the study of tropical plants such as medicinal or industrial oilseeds. In 1893 he founded the Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille and creates a tropical pathology professorship at the medical school.
In 1887, he won the Prix Barbier from the French Academy of Sciences.In 1896, French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre named a genus of flowering plants (belonging to the family Meliaceae) from western central Tropical Africa, Heckeldora in his honour.In 1901, he launched the idea of creating an exhibition devoted exclusively to French colonies. This project would be supported by Jules Charles-Roux, who would become the Commissioner General while Heckel was his deputy. The exhibition was held at Parc Chanot in Marseille and was a great success from its opening on April 14, 1906 to its closure Nov. 18, 1906.

Margaretha Roosenboom (1843 – 1896), was a 19th-century Dutch flower painter.

Laurence Grivot (born Marie Laurent, 29 April 1843, Versailles – died 4 June 1890, Thomery) was a French operetta singer and actress. She was the wife of Pierre Grivot.