1906 deaths

Emil Ludwig Schmidt (7 April 1837 – 22 October 1906) was a German anthropologist and ethnologist. He was son-in-law to art historian Johannes Adolph Overbeck (1826–1895).
Schmidt was born in Upper Eichstätt. Originally trained as a doctor, he studied medicine at the Universities of Jena, Leipzig and Bonn. From 1862 to 1865 he served as a surgical assistant to Wilhelm Busch at Bonn, afterwards working as a physician in Essen (He served as head of the Krupp Hospital and as family physician to the Krupp family).In 1869–70 and 1876 he took anthropological study trips to North America, and in 1875 performed research in Egypt. In 1885 he received habilitation at the University of Leipzig, where in 1889 he became an associate professor of anthropology and ethnography. In 1889–90 he performed research in Ceylon and southern India.
In 1900 Schmidt donated his collection of more than 1000 human skulls to the University of Leipzig.

Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (Amsterdam, 16 December 1827 – Utrecht, 14 December 1906) was a Dutch astronomer. He was the director of the Utrecht Observatory from 1875 until 1898, when he retired.
Oudemans was born in Amsterdam, son of the poet, teacher and philologist Anthonie Oudemans Sr. and Jacoba Adriana Hammecker. He entered Leiden University when he was just 16 as a student of the noted astronomer Frederik Kaiser. He became a high school teacher in Leiden when he was just 19 (1846). The next six years he worked on his dissertation on the determination of the latitude of Leiden. Next he studied asteroids and variable stars, meanwhile hoping for an academic appointment. In 1855 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He married Pauline Adriana Verdam (the daughter of a well-known mathematics professor Gideon Jan Verdam ) in 1856. In the same year he was appointed a professor at Utrecht University and became the first director of its observatory. However, his interest drew him towards geography. He traveled to the Dutch East Indies as head surveyor, and worked in that capacity for 18 years, publishing his works on the triangulation of the island of Java in six books.In 1874 he organized an astronomical expedition to the island of Réunion to observe the transit of Venus but, due to bad weather, the results were disappointing.Oudemans crater on Mars was named in his honor.
A brother was the botanist Corneille Antoine Jean Abram Oudemans. One of his sons was Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans Jzn, one of the fathers of cryptozoology.

Karl Christian Friedrich Pfizer (German: [kaʁl ˈpfɪtsɐ]; March 22, 1824 – October 19, 1906), known as Charles Pfizer, was a German-American businessman and chemist who co-founded the Pfizer pharmaceutical company with his cousin, Charles F. Erhart, in 1849, as Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc.

Joseph Marie de Tilly (16 August 1837 – 4 August 1906) was a Belgian military man and mathematician.
He was born in Ypres, Belgium. In 1858, he became a teacher in mathematics at the regimental school. He began with studying geometry, particularly Euclid's fifth postulate and non-Euclidean geometry. He found similar results as Lobachevsky in 1860, but the Russian mathematician was already dead at that time. Tilly is more known for his work on non-Euclidean mechanics, as he was the one who invented it. He worked thus alone on this topic until a French mathematician, Jules Hoüel, showed interest in that field. Tilly also wrote on military science and history of mathematics. He died in München, Germany.

William Rainey Harper (July 24, 1856 – January 10, 1906) was an American academic leader, an accomplished semiticist, and Baptist clergyman. Harper helped to establish both the University of Chicago and Bradley University and served as the first president of both institutions.

Carl (or Karl) Otto Harz (28 November 1842 in Gammertingen – 5 December 1906 in Munich) was a German mycologist, pharmacist and botanist.
After spending time as an intern in several pharmacies, he studied botany at the University of Berlin. Later, he relocated to Munich, where he served as a lecturer at the Technische Universität München (from 1873) and at the Tierärztlichen Hochschule (from 1874). In 1880 he was appointed professor of botany and pharmacognosy at the Tierärztlichen Hochschule.In 1877, with pathologist Otto Bollinger, he conducted early studies of actinomycosis in cattle, and is credited for naming the causal agent Actinomyces bovis. From his observations, he believed the culprit to be a mould, related to the genera Botrytis or Monosporium.As a taxonomist, he circumscribed a number of varieties from the species Cucurbita pepo. His name is associated with the following mycological genera:

Harzia (family Ceratostomataceae), named by Julien Noël Costantin (1888).
Harziella (family Chaetomiaceae), named by Otto Kuntze (1891).

Elizabeth of the Trinity, OCD (French: Élisabeth de la Trinité), born Élisabeth Catez (18 July 1880 – 9 November 1906), was a French Discalced Carmelite, a mystic, and a spiritual writer. She was known for the depth of her spiritual growth as a Carmelite as well as bleak periods in which her religious calling was perceived to be unsure according to those around her; she however was acknowledged for her persistence in pursuing the will of God and in devoting herself to the charism of the Carmelites.Elizabeth was a gifted pianist and had strong feelings for the Carmelite charism. Of that experience as a professed religious she wrote in a letter: "I can't find words to express my happiness. Here there is no longer anything but God. He is All; He suffices and we live by Him alone" (Letter 91).Pope John Paul II celebrated her beatification in Paris on 25 November 1984; Pope Francis approved her canonization on 3 March 2016. The date was decided at a gathering of cardinals on 20 June 2016 and she was canonized as a saint on 16 October 2016.

Eugène Goossens (25 February 1845 – 30 December 1906) was a Belgian conductor.

Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz, OAR was a Spanish Catholic friar in the Order of Augustinian Recollects and now venerated as a saint. He was born on April 9, 1848, in Alfaro, La Rioja, Spain and later served as a missionary to the Philippines. He also became the Bishop of Pinara and later of Pasto, in Colombia.
His nephew Julián Moreno is also venerated as a Blessed because of his martyrdom in Motril. Moreno is popularly invoked as the patron of cancer patients.

Marcelo Rafael José María de los Dolores Hilario Spínola y Maestre (14 January 1835 - 19 January 1906) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the Archbishop of Seville. He established the Handmaids of the Divine Heart.
He was beatified in 1987 and his canonization cause is still pending.