University_of_California,_Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. It was established in 1868 and is the state's first land-grant university. It is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and is the founding campus of the University of California system. Berkeley has the most top-ranked departments nationally and is one of the highest-ranked universities worldwide.Berkeley is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities—Very high research activity" and hosts multiple research institutes. It played a major role in the Manhattan Project and the discovery of sixteen chemical elements. It also has three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory). Berkeley's athletic teams (the California Golden Bears) have won 107 national championships and 223 Olympic medals (including 121 gold medals).Among Berkeley's alumni, faculty, and researchers are 260 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows, 190 recipients of the MacArthur Fellowship, 144 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 107 Nobel laureates, 75 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 68 recipients of the National Medal of Science, 34 Pulitzer Prize winners, 25 Turing Award winners, 22 cabinet members, 19 Academy Award winners, 14 Fields Medalists, 10 state governors, 7 heads of state or government, 6 chief justices, and 25 living billionaires.