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Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter (Latvian: Ludvigs Rihters) (21 January [O.S. 9] 1884 – 9 November 1923) was a Baltic German political activist and an influential early member of the Nazi Party.
Scheubner-Richter was a Baltic German from Russia and fought against the Russian Revolution of 1905 before serving in the Imperial German Army during World War I, witnessing and producing documentation of the Armenian genocide. He was the founder of the Aufbau Vereinigung and a leading ideologist of Nazism at the beginning of the Interwar period. Scheubner-Richter became a key influence and close associate of Adolf Hitler, and an activist of the Nazi Party instrumental in securing financing for its early stages.
Scheubner-Richter was killed during the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923 and part of Hitler's Mein Kampf was dedicated to him. He was elevated to status of Blutzeuge ("blood witness") and national hero upon the founding of Nazi Germany in 1933. Of the 15 Nazis killed during the coup, Hitler described Scheubner-Richter as the only one who was "irreplaceable".