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Joseph Maull Carey (January 19, 1845 – February 5, 1924) was an American lawyer, rancher, judge, and politician, who was active in Wyoming local, state, and federal politics.
In the 1860s, Carey practiced law in the eastern United States and participated in Pennsylvania and New Jersey politics. In 1869, he was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant as the United States attorney in the Wyoming Territory and later to the Wyoming Supreme Court. After serving as the 14th Mayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming, he was elected to serve as Wyoming's delegate to the United States House of Representatives, where he introduced legislation admitting Wyoming as a state. Upon Wyoming's statehood, he was selected to serve as the state's first senator alongside Francis E. Warren.
In 1910, he left the Republican Party and was elected as Governor of Wyoming with the Democratic nomination. He retired from politics after leaving the governorship in 1914. He is to date the last mayor of Cheyenne to be elected governor.