51.96443056, 4.45123611
Rotterdam was subjected to heavy aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe during the German invasion of the Netherlands during the Second World War. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch army to surrender. Bombing began at the outset of hostilities on 10 May and culminated with the destruction of the entire historic city centre on 14 May, an event sometimes referred to as the Rotterdam Blitz. According to an official list published in 2022, at least 1,150 people were killed, with 711 deaths in the 14 May bombing alone, and 85,000 more were left homeless.
The psychological and the physical success of the raid, from the German perspective, led the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to threaten to destroy the city of Utrecht if the Dutch command did not surrender. The Dutch surrendered in the late afternoon of 14 May and signed the capitulation early the next morning.Rotterdam was one of the few major Allied cities which were virtually totally destroyed, together with Warsaw, Manila, and Southampton. This is one of the primary reasons Rotterdam, like the other cities listed, has a heavy presence of skyscrapers, compared to Amsterdam and Kraków in those same countries, all of which have over one million residents but retain an ancient city centre.