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Balliol College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1263 by John I de Balliol, it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world.Members of Balliol have been awarded 13 Nobel Prizes with 12 Laureates (the most of any Oxford college). Balliol has educated four Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (the second highest of any Oxford college), Harald V of Norway, Empress Masako of Japan, President Richard von Weizsäcker of Germany, and Seretse Khama of Botswana. Balliol alumni also include the astronomer James Bradley, legal figures Lord Bingham and John Marshall Harlan II, geneticist Baruch Samuel Blumberg, writers Robert Southey, Gerard Hopkins, Matthew Arnold, Graham Greene and Algernon Swinburne, historians R. H. Tawney, Christopher Hill and James H. Billington and philosopher Derek Parfit. Among the most famous students are economist Adam Smith, the Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith Shoghi Effendi, the biologist Julian Huxley and his brother Aldous Huxley, the author of Brave New World.